1:9 You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness.
So God, your God, has anointed you over your companions 3 with the oil of rejoicing.” 4
1:13 But to which of the angels 5 has he ever said, “Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet”? 6
4:14 Therefore since we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast to our confession.
1 tn The Greek puts an emphasis on the quality of God’s final revelation. As such, it is more than an indefinite notion (“a son”) though less than a definite one (“the son”), for this final revelation is not just through any son of God, nor is the emphasis specifically on the person himself. Rather, the focus here is on the nature of the vehicle of God’s revelation: He is no mere spokesman (or prophet) for God, nor is he merely a heavenly messenger (or angel); instead, this final revelation comes through one who is intimately acquainted with the heavenly Father in a way that only a family member could be. There is, however, no exact equivalent in English (“in son” is hardly good English style).
sn The phrase in a son is the fulcrum of Heb 1:1-4. It concludes the contrast of God’s old and new revelation and introduces a series of seven descriptions of the Son. These descriptions show why he is the ultimate revelation of God.
2 tn Grk “the ages.” The temporal (ages) came to be used of the spatial (what exists in those time periods). See Heb 11:3 for the same usage.
3 sn God…has anointed you over your companions. God’s anointing gives the son a superior position and authority over his fellows.
4 sn A quotation from Ps 45:6-7.
5 sn The parallel phrases to which of the angels in vv. 5 and 13 show the unity of this series of quotations (vv. 5-14) in revealing the superiority of the Son over angels (v. 4).
6 sn A quotation from Ps 110:1.
7 tn Grk “and again,” as a continuation of the preceding.
8 tn Grk “behold, I,” but this construction often means “here is/there is” (cf. BDAG 468 s.v. ἰδού 2).
9 tn Grk “and.”
10 sn A quotation from Isa 8:17-18.
11 sn A quotation from Gen 2:2.
12 tn Grk “his”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
13 tn Grk “comes upon.”
14 tn Grk “shares in.”
15 tn Grk “from which no one.”
16 tn Grk “a law of a fleshly command.”
17 sn The Greek text indicates a contrast between vv. 4-5 and v. 6 that is difficult to render in English: Jesus’ status in the old order of priests (vv. 4-5) versus his superior ministry (v. 6).
18 tn Grk “he”; in the translation the referent (Jesus) has been specified for clarity.
19 tn Grk “to the degree that.”
20 tn Grk “which is enacted.”
21 sn This linkage of the change in priesthood with a change in the law or the covenant goes back to Heb 7:12, 22 and is picked up again in Heb 9:6-15 and 10:1-18.
22 tn Grk “ages.” The temporal (ages) came to be used of the spatial (what exists in those time periods). See Heb 1:2 for same usage.
23 tn Grk “by God’s word.”
24 sn The Greek phrasing emphasizes this point by negating the opposite: “so that what is seen did not come into being from things that are visible.”
25 sn A quotation from Hag 2:6.
26 tn Grk “Know that” (an imperative).
27 tn Grk “has been released, with whom, if he comes soon, I will see you.”