17:9 Then God said to Abraham, “As for you, you must keep 6 the covenantal requirement 7 I am imposing on you and your descendants after you throughout their generations. 17:10 This is my requirement that you and your descendants after you must keep: 8 Every male among you must be circumcised. 9 17:11 You must circumcise the flesh of your foreskins. This will be a reminder 10 of the covenant between me and you. 17:12 Throughout your generations every male among you who is eight days old 11 must be circumcised, whether born in your house or bought with money from any foreigner who is not one of your descendants. 17:13 They must indeed be circumcised, 12 whether born in your house or bought with money. The sign of my covenant 13 will be visible in your flesh as a permanent 14 reminder.
1 tn The verb קוּם (qum, “to arise, to stand up”) in the Hiphil verbal stem means “to confirm, to give effect to, to carry out” (i.e., a covenant or oath; see BDB 878-79 s.v. קוּם).
2 tn Or “as an eternal.”
3 tn Heb “to be to you for God and to your descendants after you.”
4 tn The verbal root is גּוּר (gur, “to sojourn, to reside temporarily,” i.e., as a resident alien). It is the land in which Abram resides, but does not yet possess as his very own.
5 tn Or “as an eternal.”
6 tn The imperfect tense could be translated “you shall keep” as a binding command; but the obligatory nuance (“must”) captures the binding sense better.
7 tn Heb “my covenant.” The Hebrew word בְּרִית (bÿrit) can refer to (1) the agreement itself between two parties (see v. 7), (2) the promise made by one party to another (see vv. 2-3, 7), (3) an obligation placed by one party on another, or (4) a reminder of the agreement. In vv. 9-10 the word refers to a covenantal obligation which God gives to Abraham and his descendants.
8 tn Heb “This is my covenant that you must keep between me and you and your descendants after you.”
9 sn For a discussion of male circumcision as the sign of the covenant in this passage see M. V. Fox, “The Sign of the Covenant: Circumcision in the Light of the Priestly ‘ot Etiologies,” RB 81 (1974): 557-96.
10 tn Or “sign.”
11 tn Heb “the son of eight days.”
12 tn The emphatic construction employs the Niphal imperfect tense (collective singular) and the Niphal infinitive.
13 tn Heb “my covenant.” Here in v. 13 the Hebrew word בְּרִית (bÿrit) refers to the outward, visible sign, or reminder, of the covenant. For the range of meaning of the term, see the note on the word “requirement” in v. 9.
14 tn Or “an eternal.”