Galatians 3:5

3:5 Does God then give ¹  you the Spirit and work miracles among you by your doing the works of the law ²  or by your believing what you heard? ³ 

Galatians 4:7

4:7 So you are no longer a slave but a son, and if you are ⁴  a son, then you are also an heir through God. ⁵ 

Galatians 4:12

4:12 I beg you, brothers and sisters, ⁶  become like me, because I have become like you. You have done me no wrong!

Galatians 4:17

4:17 They court you eagerly, ⁷  but for no good purpose; ⁸  they want to exclude you, so that you would seek them eagerly. ⁹ 

Galatians 5:2

5:2 Listen! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no benefit to you at all!

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¹ tn Or “provide.”

² tn Grk “by [the] works of [the] law” (the same phrase as in v. 2).

³ tn Grk “by [the] hearing of faith” (the same phrase as in v. 2).

⁴ tn Grk “and if a son, then also an heir.” The words “you are” have been supplied twice to clarify the statement.

⁵ tc The unusual expression διὰ θεοῦ (dia qeou, “through God”) certainly prompted scribes to alter it to more customary or theologically acceptable ones such as διὰ θεόν (dia qeon, “because of God”; F G 1881 pc), διὰ Χριστοῦ (dia Cristou, “through Christ”; 81 630 pc sa), διὰ ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ (dia Ihsou Cristou, “through Jesus Christ”; 1739^c), θεοῦ διὰ Χριστοῦ (“[an heir] of God through Christ”; א² C³ D [P] 0278 [6 326 1505] Ï ar sy), or κληρονόμος μὲν θεοῦ, συγκληρονόμος δὲ Χριστοῦ (klhronomo" men qeou, sugklhronomo" de Cristou, “an heir of God, and fellow-heir with Christ”; Ψ pc [cf. Rom 8:17]). Although it is unusual for Paul to speak of God as an intermediate agent, it is not unprecedented (cf. Gal 1:1; 1 Cor 1:9). Nevertheless, Gal 4:7 is the most direct statement to this effect. Further testimony on behalf of διὰ θεοῦ is to be found in external evidence: The witnesses with this phrase are among the most important in the NT (Ì⁴⁶ א* A B C* 33 1739*^vid lat bo Cl).

⁶ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.

⁷ tn Or “They are zealous for you.”

⁸ tn Or “but not commendably” (BDAG 505 s.v. καλῶς 2).

⁹ tn Or “so that you would be zealous.”