6:3 Even if a man fathers a hundred children and lives many years –
even if he lives a long, long time, 1 but cannot enjoy his prosperity –
even if he were to live forever 2 –
I would say, “A stillborn child 3 is better off than he is!” 4
6:4 Though the stillborn child 5 came into the world 6 for no reason 7 and departed into darkness,
though its name is shrouded in darkness, 8
6:5 though it never saw the light of day 9 nor knew anything, 10
yet it has more rest 11 than that man –
1 tn Heb “the days of his years are many.”
2 tn Heb “he has no burial.” The phrase וְגַם־קְבוּרָה לֹא־הָיְתָה (vÿgam-qÿvurah lo’-haytah, “he even has no burial”) is traditionally treated as part of a description of the man’s sorry final state, that is, he is deprived of even a proper burial (KJV, NEB, RSV, NRSV, ASV, NASB, NIV, NJPS, MLB, Moffatt). However, the preceding parallel lines suggest that this a hyperbolic protasis: “If he were to live one hundred years…even if he were never buried [i.e., were to live forever]….” A similar idea occurs elsewhere (e.g., Pss 49:9; 89:48). See D. R. Glenn, “Ecclesiastes,” BKCOT, 990.
3 tn The noun נֶפֶל (nefel) denotes “miscarriage” and by metonymy of effect, “stillborn child” (e.g., Ps 58:9; Job 3:16; Eccl 6:3); cf. HALOT 711. The noun is related to the verb נָפַל (nafal, “to fall,” but occasionally “to be born”; see Isa 26:18); cf. HALOT 710 s.v. נפל 5.
4 sn The point of 6:3-6 is that the futility of unenjoyed wealth is worse than the tragedy of being stillborn.
5 tn Heb “he”; the referent (“the stillborn child”) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
6 tn The phrase “into the world” does not appear in Hebrew, but is added in the translation for clarity.
7 sn The birth of the stillborn was in vain – it did it no good to be born.
8 sn The name of the stillborn is forgotten.
9 tn Heb “it never saw the sun.”
10 tn The word “anything” does not appear in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for clarity.
11 sn The Hebrew term translated rest here refers to freedom from toil, anxiety, and misery – part of the miserable misfortune that the miserly man of wealth must endure.