1 tn Heb “the
2 tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” Although many English versions translate as two terms, this construction is a hendiadys which serves to intensify the emotion (cf. NAB, TEV “fierce anger”).
3 tn Heb “the
4 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, indicated in the translation by the words “by all means.” Cf. KJV, NASB “surely”; NIV “certainly.”
5 tn Or “put under divine judgment. The Hebrew word (חֵרֶם, kherem) refers to placing persons or things under God’s judgment, usually to the extent of their complete destruction.Though primarily applied against the heathen, this severe judgment could also fall upon unrepentant Israelites (cf. the story of Achan in Josh 7). See also the note on the phrase “divine judgment” in Deut 2:34.
6 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the indentured servant introduced in v. 12) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
7 tn Heb “go out from.” The imperfect verbal form indicates the desire of the subject here.
8 tn Heb “the firstfruits of your…” (so NIV).
9 sn Purge out the blood of the innocent. Because of the corporate nature of Israel’s community life, the whole community shared in the guilt of unavenged murder unless and until vengeance occurred. Only this would restore spiritual and moral equilibrium (Num 35:33).
10 tn Heb “by a powerful hand and an extended arm.” These are anthropomorphisms designed to convey God’s tremendously great power in rescuing Israel from their Egyptian bondage. They are preserved literally in many English versions (cf. KJV, NAB, NIV, NRSV).
11 tn Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV).
12 tn This is interpreted by some English versions as a reference to generations not yet born (cf. TEV, CEV, NLT).