1 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2 tn Grk “saw them”; the context makes clear that two individuals were involved (v. 27).
3 tn Or “tried to reconcile” (BDAG 964-65 s.v. συναλλάσσω).
4 tn Or “repudiated Moses,” “rejected Moses” (BDAG 126-27 s.v. ἀπωθέω 2).
5 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
6 tn Or “appointed.”
7 tn Grk “in the Hebrew language.” See Acts 22:7 and 9:4.
8 tn Grk “It is hard for you.”
9 tn “Goads” are pointed sticks used to direct a draft animal (an idiom for stubborn resistance). See BDAG 539-40 s.v. κέντρον 2.
sn Sayings which contain the imagery used here (kicking against the goads) were also found in Greek writings; see Pindar, Pythians 2.94-96; Euripides, Bacchae 795.