1 sn Silvanus is usually considered to be the same person as Silas (L&N 93.340).
2 tn Grk “their minds were hardened.”
3 tn Grk “the same veil remains at the reading of the old covenant”; the phrase “they hear” has been introduced (“when they hear the old covenant read”) to make the link with the “Israelites” (v. 13) whose minds were closed (v. 14a) more obvious to the reader.
4 tn Or “only in Christ is it eliminated.”
5 tn Or “of unbelievers.”
6 tn Grk “the gospel of the glory”; δόξης (doxhs) has been translated as an attributive genitive.
7 tn Or “so that the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ would not be evident to them” (L&N 28.37).
8 tn Grk “spirit of faith according to.”
9 sn A quotation from Ps 116:10.
10 sn The judgment seat (βῆμα, bhma) was a raised platform mounted by steps and sometimes furnished with a seat, used by officials in addressing an assembly or making pronouncements, often on judicial matters. The judgment seat was a common item in Greco-Roman culture, often located in the agora, the public square or marketplace in the center of a city. Use of the term in reference to Christ’s judgment would be familiar to Paul’s 1st century readers.
11 tn Or “whether good or bad.”
12 tn Or “he has entrusted to us.”
13 tn Grk “I have not been put to shame”; the words “by you” are not in the Greek text but are implied.
14 tn Grk “just as we spoke everything to you in truth.”
15 tn The words “about you” are not in the Greek text but are implied.
16 tn Grk “gospel, and not only this, but.” Here a new sentence was started in the translation.
17 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the brother mentioned in v. 18) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
18 tn That is, the offering or collection being taken to assist impoverished Christians.
19 tn The words “to help” are not in the Greek text but are implied (see L&N 25.68).
20 tn This verb has been translated as an epistolary aorist.
21 tn Or “boast excessively.” The phrase εἰς τὰ ἄμετρα (ei" ta ametra) is an idiom; literally it means “into that which is not measured,” that is, a point on a scale that goes beyond what might be expected (L&N 78.27).
22 tn The words “will confine our boasting” are not in the Greek text, but the reference to boasting must be repeated from the previous clause to clarify for the modern reader what is being limited.
23 tn Grk “according to the measure of the rule which God has apportioned to us as a measure”; for the translation used in the text see L&N 37.100.