Word Study
qui vive
CIDE DICTIONARY
qui vive, [F., fr. qui who + vive, pres. subj. of vivre to live.].
The challenge of a French sentinel, or patrol; -- used like the English challenge: “Who comes there?” [1913 Webster]
OXFORD DICTIONARY
qui vive, n.
Idiom
on the qui vive on the alert; watching for something to happen.
Etymology
F, = lit. '(long) live who?', i.e. on whose side are you?, as a sentry's challenge
For further exploring for "qui vive" in Webster Dictionary Online