Case

• POS: Noun, Verb (transitive)

CIDE DICTIONARY

Case, n. [OF. casse, F. caisse (cf. It. cassa), fr. L. capsa chest, box, case, fr. capere to take, hold. See Capacious, and cf. 4th Chase, Cash, Enchase, 3d Sash.].

•  A box, sheath, or covering; as, a case for holding goods; a case for spectacles; the case of a watch; the case (capsule) of a cartridge; a case (cover) for a book.  [1913 Webster]
•  A box and its contents; the quantity contained in a box; as, a case of goods; a case of instruments.  [1913 Webster]
•  A shallow tray divided into compartments or “boxes” for holding type.  [1913 Webster]

  " Cases for type are usually arranged in sets of two, called respectively the upper and the lower case. The upper case contains capitals, small capitals, accented and marked letters, fractions, and marks of reference: the lower case contains the small letters, figures, marks of punctuation, quadrats, and spaces."  [1913 Webster]
•  An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door case; a window case.  [1913 Webster]
•  A small fissure which admits water to the workings.  Knight.  [1913 Webster]

Case, v. t. 

•  To cover or protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose.  [1913 Webster]

  "The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle."  [1913 Webster]
•  To strip the skin from; as, to case a box.  [1913 Webster]

Case, n. [F. cas, fr. L. casus, fr. cadere to fall, to happen. Cf. Chance.].

•  Chance; accident; hap; opportunity.  [1913 Webster]

  "By aventure, or sort, or cas."  [1913 Webster]
•  That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstances; condition; state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a case of injustice; the case of the Indian tribes.  [1913 Webster]

  "In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge."  [1913 Webster]

  "If the case of the man be so with his wife."  [1913 Webster]

  "And when a lady's in the case
  You know all other things give place."  [1913 Webster]

  "You think this madness but a common case."  [1913 Webster]

  "I am in case to justle a constable,"  [1913 Webster]
•  A patient under treatment; an instance of sickness or injury; as, ten cases of fever; also, the history of a disease or injury.  [1913 Webster]

  "A proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases."  [1913 Webster]
•  The matters of fact or conditions involved in a suit, as distinguished from the questions of law; a suit or action at law; a cause.  [1913 Webster]

  "Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing is law that is not reason."  [1913 Webster]

  "Not one case in the reports of our courts."  [1913 Webster]
•  One of the forms, or the inflections or changes of form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its relation to other words, and in the aggregate constitute its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun sustains to some other word.  [1913 Webster]

  " Cases other than the nominative are oblique cases. Case endings are terminations by which certain cases are distinguished. In old English, as in Latin, nouns had several cases distinguished by case endings, but in modern English only that of the possessive case is retained."  [1913 Webster]

  "Case is properly a falling off from the nominative or first state of word; the name for which, however, is now, by extension of its signification, applied also to the nominative."  [1913 Webster]

Action on the case (Law), according to the old classification (now obsolete), was an action for redress of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially provided against by law, in which the whole cause of complaint was set out in the writ; -- called also trespass on the case, or simply case. -- All a case, a matter of indifference. [Obs.] “It is all a case to me.” L'Estrange. -- Case at bar. See under Bar, n. -- Case divinity, casuistry. -- Case lawyer, one versed in the reports of cases rather than in the science of the law. -- Case stated or Case agreed on (Law), a statement in writing of facts agreed on and submitted to the court for a decision of the legal points arising on them. -- A hard case, an abandoned or incorrigible person. [Colloq.] -- In any case, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow. -- In case, or In case that, if; supposing that; in the event or contingency; if it should happen that. “In case we are surprised, keep by me.” W. Irving. -- In good case, in good condition, health, or state of body. -- To put a case, to suppose a hypothetical or illustrative case.

Syn. -- Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight; predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event; conjuncture; cause; action; suit.

Case, v. i. 

 To propose hypothetical cases.  L'Estrange.  [1913 Webster]

OXFORD DICTIONARY

Case, n.
1 an instance of something occurring.
2 a state of affairs, hypothetical or actual.
3 a an instance of a person receiving professional guidance, e.g. from a doctor or social worker. b this person or the circumstances involved.
4 a matter under official investigation, esp. by the police.
5 Law a a cause or suit for trial. b a statement of the facts in a cause sub judice, drawn up for a higher court's consideration (judge states a case). c a cause that has been decided and may be cited (leading case).
6 a the sum of the arguments on one side, esp. in a lawsuit (that is our case). b a set of arguments, esp. in relation to persuasiveness (have a good case; have a weak case). c a valid set of arguments (have no case).
7 Gram. a the relation of a word to other words in a sentence. b a form of a noun, adjective, or pronoun expressing this.
8 colloq. a comical person.
9 the position or circumstances in which one is.

Idiom

as the case may be according to the situation. case history information about a person for use in professional treatment, e.g. by a doctor. case-law the law as established by the outcome of former cases (cf. common law, statute law). case-load the cases with which a doctor etc. is concerned at one time. case-study
1 an attempt to understand a person, institution, etc., from collected information.
2 a record of such an attempt.
3 the use of a particular instance as an exemplar of general principles. in any case whatever the truth is; whatever may happen.
in case
1 in the event that; if.
2 lest; in provision against a stated or implied possibility (take an umbrella in case it rains; took it in case). in case of in the event of. in the case of as regards. in no case under no circumstances. in that case if that is true; should that happen. is (or is not) the case is (or is not) so.

Case, n. & v.
--n.
1 a container or covering serving to enclose or contain.
2 a container with its contents.
3 the outer protective covering of a watch, book, seed-vessel, sausage, etc.
4 an item of luggage, esp. a suitcase.
5 Printing a partitioned receptacle for type.
6 a glass box for showing specimens, curiosities, etc.
--v.tr.
1 enclose in a case.
2 (foll. by with) surround.
3 sl. reconnoitre (a house etc.) esp. with a view to robbery.

Idiom

case-bound (of a book) in a hard cover. case-harden
1 harden the surface of, esp. give a steel surface to (iron) by carbonizing.
2 make callous. case-knife a knife carried in a sheath.
case-shot
1 bullets in an iron case fired from a cannon.
2 shrapnel. lower case small letters. upper case capitals.

Etymology

ME f. OF casse, chasse, f. L capsa f. capere hold

THESAURUS

Case

Bible truth, Smyth sewing, abessive, ablative, absolute fact, accepted fact, accusative, action, actual fact, adessive, admitted fact, afghan, alien, allative, ammunition box, anyhow, anyway, apoplectic, approximative, argument, argumentum, ark, arthritic, article, ascender, aspect, at all events, attache case, axiom, back, backing, bag, bald fact, bandolier, bare fact, bark, barrel, basis, basket, bastard type, beard, bearings, bed linen, bedclothes, bedcover, bedding, bedsheet, bedspread, belly, bevel, bibliopegy, billfold, bin, binder board, binding, black letter, blanket, body, book cloth, book cover, book jacket, bookbinding, bookcase, boot, bottle, box, box up, bran, briefcase, brutal fact, buffalo robe, bug, bunker, burden, cadre, caisson, calf love, can, canister, canvass, cap, capital, capsula, capsule, cardcase, carton, case in point, casemaking, casement, casing, casing-in, cask, casket, cause, cause in court, cedar chest, chaff, chapter, character, chassis, check over, check up, chest, cigarette case, circumstance, cist, citation, clothes, coffer, coffin, cold fact, collating, collating mark, come what may, comfort, comforter, common case, compact, con, conceded fact, concern, condition, cone, cons, consideration, consumptive, container, containerize, contour sheet, corn shuck, cornhusk, count, counter, counterpane, cover, covering, coverlet, coverlid, crackpot, crank, crate, crib, cross reference, crush, dative, datum, delative, demonstrable fact, demonstration, descender, detail, dinkum oil, dispatch box, dispute, doorframe, duck, dust cover, dust jacket, dyspeptic, eccentric, eiderdown, elative, element, elenchus, em, emblem, embox, embrace, empirical fact, en, encapsulate, encase, encasement, encyst, enfold, enshroud, envelop, envelope, enwrap, epileptic, episode, essence, essive, established fact, estate, etui, event, eventuality, examine, example, exemplar, exemplification, explanation, exponent, fabric, face, facet, fact, fact of experience, factor, fanatic, fat-faced type, feet, file, file folder, filing box, fitted sheet, fix, focus of attention, focus of interest, folding, folio, font, footband, footing, for fear of, for fear that, frame, framework, framing, gathering, genitive, gist, given fact, gluing-off, gospel, gospel truth, groove, hamper, happening, hard binding, hard fact, head, headband, heading, hermit, hobo, holder, holster, hope chest, housewife, how it is, how things are, hull, husk, hussy, hutch, if, ignoratio elenchi, illative, illustration, in any case, in any event, in case, incident, incidental, incurable, indisputable fact, inescapable fact, inessive, infatuation, inpatient, inspect, instance, instrumental, invalid, invest, issue, italic, item, jacket, jam, jar, judicial process, kit, kook, lap, lap robe, lative, lattice, latticework, lawsuit, legal action, legal case, legal proceedings, legal process, legal remedy, lest, letter, letter file, library binding, ligature, like it is, linen, lining, lining-up, litigation, living issue, local case, location, locative, logotype, lone wolf, loner, lot, lower case, main point, majuscule, make a reconnaissance, mash, matter, matter in hand, matter of fact, maverick, meat, mechanical binding, meshuggenah, minor detail, minuscule, minutia, minutiae, modality, mode, monstrance, motif, motive, naked fact, natural, nick, niggerhead, nominative, nonconformist, not guesswork, not opinion, nut, object lesson, objective case, oblique case, occasion, occurrence, odd fellow, oddball, oddity, order, original, ostensorium, outpatient, outsider, pack, package, packet, packing case, palea, parcel, pariah, particular, pash, pass, passing fancy, patchwork quilt, patient, peel, peep, perfect binding, perlative, pi, pica, pickle, picture frame, pillbox, pillow slip, pillowcase, place, plaidoyer, plain, plastic binding, play the spy, plea, pleading, plight, pod, point, point at issue, point in question, portfolio, position, positive fact, possessive case, postulate, posture, pot, powder box, predicament, prepositional, print, problem, proceedings, pros, pros and cons, prosecution, protection, provable fact, puppy love, put under surveillance, queer duck, queer fish, queer specimen, question, quilt, quiver, quiz, quotation, rack, rank, rara avis, reason, receptacle, reconnoiter, reference, refutation, regard, relevant instance, reliquary, repair, representative, respect, revealed truth, rheumatic, rind, robe, roman, rounding, rubric, rug, sack, saddle stitching, salient fact, sample, sampling, sans serif, sarcophagus, sash, scabbard, scout, scout out, screwball, script, self-evident fact, sewing, shank, shape, sheath, sheathe, sheathing, sheet, sheeting, shell, shoulder, shroud, shuck, shut-in, sick person, side sewing, signature, significant fact, simple fact, situation, skeleton, skin, skippet, slip, slipcase, slipcover, slough, small cap, small capital, smashing, smother, snuffbox, sober fact, socket, soft binding, solitary, spastic, special pleading, specimen, spectacle case, spiral binding, spook, spot, spread, spy, spy out, stake out, stamp, stamping, standing, stapling, state, station, status, stem, stubborn fact, study, subject, subject case, subject matter, subject of thought, sublative, sufferer, suit, suit at law, suitcase, superessive, surround, swaddle, swathe, symbol, tailband, talking point, tank, tea chest, terminal case, terminative, text, the absolute truth, the case, the exact truth, the hard truth, the honest truth, the intrinsic truth, the naked truth, the nitty-gritty, the plain truth, the sick, the simple truth, the sober truth, the stern truth, the truth, the unalloyed truth, the unqualified truth, the unvarnished truth, theme, thing, till, tin, tinderbox, tipping, topic, tramp, translative, trimming, trunk, type, type body, type class, type lice, typecase, typeface, typefounders, typefoundry, typical example, undeniable fact, upper case, valetudinarian, vanity case, vasculum, vet, victim, view, vocative, wallet, watch, well-known fact, window case, window frame, wire stitching, wrap, wrap about, wrap up, wrapper, zealot, zombie

ROGET THESAURUS

Case

Grammar

N grammar, accidence, syntax, praxis, punctuation, parts of speech, jussive, syllabication, inflection, case, declension, conjugation, us et norma loquendi, Lindley Murray, correct style, philology.

Business

N business, occupation, employment, pursuit, what one is doing, what one is about, affair, concern, matter, case, matter in hand, irons in the fire, thing to do, agendum, task, work, job, chore, errand, commission, mission, charge, care, duty, part, role, cue, province, function, lookout, department, capacity, sphere, orb, field, line, walk, walk of life, beat, round, routine, race, career, office, place, post, chargeship, incumbency, living, situation, berth, employ, service, engagement, undertaking, vocation, calling, profession, cloth, faculty, industry, art, industrial arts, craft, mystery, handicraft, trade, exercise, work, avocation, press of business, businesslike, workaday, professional, official, functional, busy, on hand, in hand, in one's hands, afoot, on foot, on the anvil, going on, acting, in the course of business, all in one's day's work, professionally Adj, a business with an income at its heels, amoto quaeramus seria ludo, par negotiis neque supra.

Disease

N disease, illness, sickness, ailing, all the ills that flesh is heir to, morbidity, morbosity, infirmity, ailment, indisposition, complaint, disorder, malady, distemper, distemperature, visitation, attack, seizure, stroke, fit, delicacy, loss of health, invalidation, cachexy, cachexia, atrophy, marasmus, indigestion, dyspepsia, decay, decline, consumption, palsy, paralysis, prostration, taint, pollution, infection, sepsis, septicity, infestation, epidemic, pandemic, endemic, epizootic, murrain, plague, pestilence, pox, sore, ulcer, abscess, fester, boil, pimple, wen, carbuncle, gathering, imposthume, peccant humor, issue, rot, canker, cold sore, fever sore, cancer, carcinoma, leukemia, neoplastic disease, malignancy, tumor, caries, mortification, corruption, gangrene, sphacelus, sphacelation, leprosy, eruption, rash, breaking out, fever, temperature, calenture, inflammation, ague, angina pectoris, appendicitis, Asiatic cholera, spasmodic cholera, biliary calculus, kidney stone, black death, bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, blennorrhagia, blennorrhoea, blood poisoning, bloodstroke, bloody flux, brash, breakbone fever, dengue fever, malarial fever, Q-fever, heart attack, cardiac arrest, cardiomyopathy, hardening of the arteries, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, bronchocele, canker rash, cardialgia, carditis, endocarditis, cholera, asphyxia, chlorosis, chorea, cynanche, dartre, enanthem, enanthema, erysipelas, exanthem, exanthema, gallstone, goiter, gonorrhea, green sickness, grip, grippe, influenza, flu, hay fever, heartburn, heaves, rupture, hernia, hemorrhoids, piles, herpes, itch, king's evil, lockjaw, measles, mumps, polio, necrosis, pertussis, phthisis, pneumonia, psora, pyaemia, pyrosis, quinsy, rachitis, ringworm, rubeola, St. Vitus's dance, scabies, scarlatina, scarlet fever, scrofula, seasickness, struma, syntexis, tetanus, tetter, tonsillitis, tonsilitis, tracheocele, trachoma, trismus, varicella, varicosis, variola, water qualm, whooping cough, yellow fever, yellow jack, fatal disease, dangerous illness, galloping consumption, churchyard cough, general breaking up, break up of the system, idiocy insanity, martyr to disease, cripple, the halt the lame and the blind, valetudinary, valetudinarian, invalid, patient, case, sickroom, sick- chamber, pathology, etiology, nosology, anthrax, bighead, blackleg, blackquarter, cattle plague, glanders, mange, scrapie, milk sickness, heartworm, feline leukemia, roundworms, quarter-evil, quarter-ill, rinderpest, virus, bacterium, bacteria, DNA virus, RNA virus, rhinovirus, rhabdovirus, picornavirus, herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, CMV, human immunodefficiency virus, HIV, diseased, ailing, ill, ill of, taken ill, seized with, indisposed, unwell, sick, squeamish, poorly, seedy, affected with illness, afflicted with illness, laid up, confined, bedridden, invalided, in hospital, on the sick list, out of health, out of sorts, under the weather, valetudinary, unsound, unhealthy, sickly, morbid, morbose, healthless, infirm, chlorotic, unbraced, drooping, flagging, lame, crippled, halting, morbid, tainted, vitiated, peccant, contaminated, poisoned, tabid, mangy, leprous, cankered, rotten, rotten to the core, rotten at the core, withered, palsied, paralytic, dyspeptic, luetic, pneumonic, pulmonic, phthisic, rachitic, syntectic, syntectical, tabetic, varicose, touched in the wind, broken-winded, spavined, gasping, hors de combat, weakly, weakened, decrepit, decayed, incurable, in declining health, cranky, in a bad way, in danger, prostrate, moribund, morbific epidemic, endemic, zymotic.

Lawsuit

N lawsuit, suit, action, cause, litigation, suit in law, dispute, citation, arraignment, prosecution, impeachment, accusation, presentment, true bill, indictment, apprehension, arrest, committal, imprisonment, writ, summons, subpoena, latitat, nisi prius, venire, venire facias pleadings, declaration, bill, claim, proces verbal, bill of right, information, corpus delicti, affidavit, state of facts, answer, reply, replication, plea, demurrer, rebutter, rejoinder, surrebutter, surrejoinder, suitor, party to a suit, plaintiff, defendant, litigant, hearing, trial, verdict, appeal, appeal motion, writ of error, certiorari, case, decision, precedent, decided case, reports (legal reference works, see reference books), litigious, qui tam, coram judice, sub judice, pendente lite, adhuc sub judice lis est, accedas ad curiam, transeat in exemplum.

Receptacle

N receptacle, inclosure, recipient, receiver, reservatory, compartment, cell, cellule, follicle, hole, corner, niche, recess, nook, crypt, stall, pigeonhole, cove, oriel, cave, capsule, vesicle, cyst, pod, calyx, cancelli, utricle, bladder, pericarp, udder, stomach, paunch, venter, ventricle, crop, craw, maw, gizzard, breadbasket, mouth, pocket, pouch, fob, sheath, scabbard, socket, bag, sac, sack, saccule, wallet, cardcase, scrip, poke, knit, knapsack, haversack, sachel, satchel, reticule, budget, net, ditty bag, ditty box, housewife, hussif, saddlebags, portfolio, quiver, chest, box, coffer, caddy, case, casket, pyx, pix, caisson, desk, bureau, reliquary, trunk, portmanteau, band-box, valise, grip, grip sack, skippet, vasculum, boot, imperial, vache, cage, manger, rack, vessel, vase, bushel, barrel, canister, jar, pottle, basket, pannier, buck-basket, hopper, maund, creel, cran, crate, cradle, bassinet, wisket, whisket, jardiniere, corbeille, hamper, dosser, dorser, tray, hod, scuttle, utensil, brazier, cuspidor, spittoon, cistern, vat, caldron, barrel, cask, drum, puncheon, keg, rundlet, tun, butt, cag, firkin, kilderkin, carboy, amphora, bottle, jar, decanter, ewer, cruse, caraffe, crock, kit, canteen, flagon, demijohn, flask, flasket, stoup, noggin, vial, phial, cruet, caster, urn, epergne, salver, patella, tazza, patera, pig gin, big gin, tyg, nipperkin, pocket pistol, tub, bucket, pail, skeel, pot, tankard, jug, pitcher, mug, pipkin, galipot, gallipot, matrass, receiver, retort, alembic, bolthead, capsule, can, kettle, bowl, basin, jorum, punch bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, tumbler, glass, rummer, horn, saucepan, skillet, posnet, tureen, beaker, flask, Erlenmeyer flask, Florence flask, round-bottom flask, graduated cylinder, test tube, culture tube, pipette, Pasteur pipette, disposable pipette, syringe, vial, carboy, vacuum flask, Petri dish, microtiter tray, centrifuge tube, bail, beaker, billy, canakin, catch basin, catch drain, chatti, lota, mussuk, schooner, spider, terrine, toby, urceus, plate, platter, dish, trencher, calabash, porringer, potager, saucer, pan, crucible, glassware, tableware, vitrics, compote, gravy boat, creamer, sugar bowl, butter dish, mug, pitcher, punch bowl, chafing dish, shovel, trowel, spoon, spatula, ladle, dipper, tablespoon, watch glass, thimble, closet, commode, cupboard, cellaret, chiffonniere, locker, bin, bunker, buffet, press, clothespress, safe, sideboard, drawer, chest of drawers, chest on chest, highboy, lowboy, till, scrutoire, secretary, secretaire, davenport, bookcase, cabinet, canterbury, escritoire, etagere, vargueno, vitrine, chamber, apartment, room, cabin, office, court, hall, atrium, suite of rooms, apartment, flat, story, saloon, salon, parlor, by-room, cubicle, presence chamber, sitting room, best room, keeping room, drawing room, reception room, state room, gallery, cabinet, closet, pew, box, boudoir, adytum, sanctum, bedroom, dormitory, refectory, dining room, salle-a-manger, nursery, schoolroom, library, study, studio, billiard room, smoking room, den, stateroom, tablinum, tenement, bath room, bathroom, toilet, lavatory, powder room, john, jakes, necessary, loo, men's room, ladies' room, rest room, (uncleanness), 653 attic, loft, garret, cockloft, clerestory, cellar, vault, hold, cockpit, cubbyhole, cook house, entre-sol, mezzanine floor, ground floor, rez-de-chaussee, basement, kitchen, pantry, bawarchi-khana, scullery, offices, storeroom, lumber room, dairy, laundry, coach house, garage, hangar, outhouse, penthouse, lean-to, portico, porch, stoop, stope, veranda, patio, lanai, terrace, deck, lobby, court, courtyard, hall, vestibule, corridor, passage, breezeway, ante room, ante chamber, lounge, piazza, veranda, conservatory, greenhouse, bower, arbor, summerhouse, alcove, grotto, hermitage, lodging, bed, carriage, capsular, saccular, sacculated, recipient, ventricular, cystic, vascular, vesicular, cellular, camerated, locular, multilocular, polygastric, marsupial, siliquose, siliquous.

Covering

N covering, cover, baldachin, baldachino, baldaquin, canopy, tilt, awning, tent, marquee, tente d'abri, umbrella, parasol, sunshade, veil (shade), shield, roof, ceiling, thatch, tile, pantile, pentile, tiling, slates, slating, leads, barrack, plafond, planchment, tiling, shed, top, lid, covercle, door, operculum, bulkhead, bandage, plaster, lint, wrapping, dossil, finger stall, coverlet, counterpane, sheet, quilt, tarpaulin, blanket, rug, drugget, housing, antimacassar, eiderdown, numdah, pillowcase, pillowslip, linoleum, saddle cloth, blanket cloth, tidy, tilpah, apishamore, integument, tegument, skin, pellicle, fleece, fell, fur, leather, shagreen, hide, pelt, peltry, cordwain, derm, robe, buffalo robe, cuticle, scarfskin, epidermis, clothing, mask, peel, crust, bark, rind, cortex, husk, shell, coat, eggshell, glume, capsule, sheath, sheathing, pod, cod, casing, case, theca, elytron, elytrum, involucrum, wrapping, wrapper, envelope, vesicle, corn husk, corn shuck, dermatology, conchology, testaceology, inunction, incrustation, superimposition, superposition, obduction, scale, veneer, facing, overlay, plate, silver plate, gold plate, copper plate, engobe, ormolu, Sheffield plate, pavement, coating, paint, varnish, plating, barrel plating, anointing, enamel, epitaxial deposition, vapor deposition, ground, whitewash, plaster, spackel, stucco, compo, cerement, ointment, covering, superimposed, overlaid, plated, cutaneous, dermal, cortical, cuticular, tegumentary, skinny, scaly, squamous, covered, imbricated, loricated, armor plated, ironclad, under cover, cowled, cucullate, dermatoid, encuirassed, hooded, squamiferous, tectiform, vaginate.

VB cover, superpose, superimpose, overlay, overspread, wrap, encase, incase, face, case, veneer, pave, paper, tip, cap, bind, bulkhead, bulkhead in, clapboard, coat, paint, varnish, pay, incrust, stucco, dab, plaster, tar, wash, besmear, bedaub, anoint, do over, gild, plate, japan, lacquer, lacker, enamel, whitewash, parget, lay it on thick, overlie, overarch, endome, conceal, anodize, galvanize.

Inclosure

N inclosure, envelope, case, wrapper, girdle, pen, fold, pen fold, in fold, sheep fold, paddock, pound, corral, yard, net, seine net, wall, hedge, hedge row, espalier, fence, pale, paling, balustrade, rail, railing, quickset hedge, park paling, circumvallation, enceinte, ring fence, barrier, barricade, gate, gateway, bent, dingle, door, hatch, cordon, prison, dike, dyke, ditch, fosse, moat.

Topic

N topic, subject of thought, material for thought, food for the mind, mental pabulum, subject, subject matter, matter, theme, noemata, topic, what it is about, thesis, text, business, affair, matter in hand, argument, motion, resolution, head, chapter, case, point, proposition, theorem, field of inquiry, moot point, problem, thought of, uppermost in the mind, in petto, under consideration, in question, in the mind, on foot, on the carpet, on the docket, on the tapis, relative to.

Reasoning,

N reasoning ratiocination rationalism, dialectics, induction, generalization, discussion, comment, ventilation, inquiry, argumentation, controversy, debate, polemics, wrangling, contention, logomachy, disputation, disceptation, paper war, art of reasoning, logic, process of reasoning, train of reasoning, chain of reasoning, deduction, induction, abduction, synthesis, analysis, argument, case, plaidoyer, opening, lemma, proposition, terms, premises, postulate, data, starting point, principle, inference, prosyllogism, syllogism, enthymeme, sorites, dilemma, perilepsis, a priori reasoning, reductio ad absurdum, horns of a dilemma, argumentum ad hominem, comprehensive argument, empirema, epagoge, reasoner, logician, dialectician, disputant, controversialist, controvertist, wrangler, arguer, debater polemic, casuist, rationalist, scientist, eristic, logical sequence, good case, correct just reasoning, sound reasoning, valid reasoning, cogent reasoning, logical reasoning, forcible reasoning, persuasive reasoning, persuasory reasoning, consectary reasoning, conclusive, subtle reasoning, force of argument, strong point, strong argument, persuasive argument, arguments, reasons, pros and cons, reasoning, rationalistic, argumentative, controversial, dialectic, polemical, discursory, discursive, disputatious, Aristotelian, eristic, eristical, debatable, controvertible, logical, relevant, for, because, hence, whence, seeing that, since, sith, then thence so, for that reason, for this reason, for which reason, for as, inasmuch as, whereas, ex concesso, considering, in consideration of, therefore, wherefore, consequently, ergo, thus, accordingly, a fortiori, in conclusion, in fine, finally, after all, au bout du compt, on the whole, taking one thing with another, ab actu ad posse valet consecutio, per troppo dibatter la verita si perde, troppo disputare la verita fa errare.

Information

N information, enlightenment, acquaintance, knowledge, publicity, data, communication, intimation, notice, notification, enunciation, annunciation, announcement, communiqu_e, representation, round robin, presentment, case, estimate, specification, report, advice, monition, news, return, account, statement, mention, acquainting, instruction, outpouring, intercommunication, communicativeness, informant, authority, teller, intelligencer, reporter, exponent, mouthpiece, informer, eavesdropper, delator, detective, sleuth, mouchard, spy, newsmonger, messenger, amicus curiae, valet de place, cicerone, pilot, guide, guidebook, handbook, vade mecum, manual, map, plan, chart, gazetteer, itinerary, hint, suggestion, innuendo, inkling, whisper, passing word, word in the ear, subaudition, cue, byplay, gesture, gentle hint, broad hint, verbum sapienti, a word to the wise, insinuation, information theory, bit, byte, word, doubleword, quad word, paragraph, segment, magnetic media, paper medium, optical media, random access memory, RAM, read-only memory, ROM, write once read mostly memory, WORM, informed, communique, reported, published, expressive, explicit plain spoken, (artless), nuncupative, nuncupatory, declaratory, expository, enunciative, communicative, communicatory, from information received, a little bird told me, I heard it through the grapevine.