Discovery BoxPsalms 39:4-6 
Context39:4 “O Lord, help me understand my mortality
and the brevity of life! 1
Let me realize how quickly my life will pass! 2
39:5 Look, you make my days short-lived, 3
and my life span is nothing from your perspective. 4
Surely all people, even those who seem secure, are nothing but vapor. 5
39:6 Surely people go through life as mere ghosts. 6
Surely they accumulate worthless wealth
without knowing who will eventually haul it away.” 7
Psalms 39:11
Context39:11 You severely discipline people for their sins; 8
like a moth you slowly devour their strength. 9
Surely all people are a mere vapor. (Selah)
Psalms 144:4
Context144:4 People 10 are like a vapor,
their days like a shadow that disappears. 11
1 tn Heb “Cause me to know, O
2 tn Heb “Let me know how transient I am!”
3 tn Heb “Look, handbreadths you make my days.” The “handbreadth” (equivalent to the width of four fingers) was one of the smallest measures used by ancient Israelites. See P. C. Craigie, Psalms 1-50 (WBC), 309.
4 tn Heb “is like nothing before you.”
5 tn Heb “surely, all vapor [is] all mankind, standing firm.” Another option is to translate, “Surely, all mankind, though seemingly secure, is nothing but a vapor.”
6 tn Heb “surely, as an image man walks about.” The preposition prefixed to “image” indicates identity here.
sn People go through life (Heb “man walks about”). “Walking” is here used as a metaphor for living. The point is that human beings are here today, gone tomorrow. They have no lasting substance and are comparable to mere images or ghosts.
7 tc Heb “Surely [in] vain they strive, he accumulates and does not know who gathers them.” The MT as it stands is syntactically awkward. The verb forms switch from singular (“walks about”) to plural (“they strive”) and then back to singular (“accumulates and does not know”), even though the subject (generic “man”) remains the same. Furthermore there is no object for the verb “accumulates” and no plural antecedent for the plural pronoun (“them”) attached to “gathers.” These problems can be removed if one emends the text from הֶבֶל יֶהֱמָיוּן (hevel yehemaun, “[in] vain they strive”) to הֶבְלֵי הָמוֹן (hevley hamon, “vain things of wealth”). This assumes a misdivision in the MT and a virtual dittography of vav (ו) between the mem and nun of המון. The present translation follows this emendation.
8 tn “with punishments on account of sin you discipline a man.”
9 tc Heb “you cause to dissolve, like a moth, his desired [thing].” The translation assumes an emendation of חֲמוּדוֹ (khamudo, “his desirable [thing]”) to חֶמְדוֹ (khemdo, “his loveliness” [or “beauty”]), a reading that is supported by a few medieval Hebrew
10 tn Heb “man,” or “mankind.”
11 tn Heb “his days [are] like a shadow that passes away,” that is, like a late afternoon shadow made by the descending sun that will soon be swallowed up by complete darkness. See Ps 102:11.
