Romans 9:11

9:11 even before they were born or had done anything good or bad (so that God’s purpose in election ¹  would stand, not by works but by ²  his calling) ³  –

Romans 9:18

9:18 So then, ⁴  God ⁵  has mercy on whom he chooses to have mercy, and he hardens whom he chooses to harden. ⁶ 

Romans 9:21

9:21 Has the potter no right to make from the same lump of clay ⁷  one vessel for special use and another for ordinary use? ⁸ 

---

¹ tn Grk “God’s purpose according to election.”

² tn Or “not based on works but based on…”

³ tn Grk “by the one who calls.”

sn The entire clause is something of a parenthetical remark.

⁴ sn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.

⁵ tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁶ tn Grk “So then, he has mercy on whom he desires, and he hardens whom he desires.”

⁷ tn Grk “Or does not the potter have authority over the clay to make from the same lump.”

⁸ tn Grk “one vessel for honor and another for dishonor.”