Romans 5:14-19

5:14 Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type ¹  of the coming one) transgressed. ²  5:15 But the gracious gift is not like the transgression. ³  For if the many died through the transgression of the one man, ⁴  how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man Jesus Christ multiply to the many! 5:16 And the gift is not like the one who sinned. ⁵  For judgment, resulting from the one transgression, ⁶  led to condemnation, but ⁷  the gracious gift from the many failures ⁸  led to justification. 5:17 For if, by the transgression of the one man, ⁹  death reigned through the one, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ!

5:18 Consequently, ¹⁰  just as condemnation ¹¹  for all people ¹²  came ¹³  through one transgression, ¹⁴  so too through the one righteous act ¹⁵  came righteousness leading to life ¹⁶  for all people. 5:19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man ¹⁷  many ¹⁸  were made sinners, so also through the obedience of one man ¹⁹  many ²⁰  will be made righteous.

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¹ tn Or “pattern.”

² tn Or “disobeyed”; Grk “in the likeness of Adam’s transgression.”

³ tn Grk “but not as the transgression, so also [is] the gracious gift.”

⁴ sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).

⁵ tn Grk “and not as through the one who sinned [is] the gift.”

⁶ tn The word “transgression” is not in the Greek text at this point, but has been supplied for clarity.

⁷ tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.

⁸ tn Or “falls, trespasses,” the same word used in vv. 15, 17, 18, 20.

⁹ sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).

¹⁰ tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.

¹¹ tn Grk “[it is] unto condemnation for all people.”

¹² tn Here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpou") has been translated as a generic (“people”) since both men and women are clearly intended in this context.

¹³ tn There are no verbs in the Greek text of v. 18, forcing translators to supply phrases like “came through one transgression,” “resulted from one transgression,” etc.

¹⁴ sn One transgression refers to the sin of Adam in Gen 3:1-24.

¹⁵ sn The one righteous act refers to Jesus’ death on the cross.

¹⁶ tn Grk “righteousness of life.”

¹⁷ sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).

¹⁸ tn Grk “the many.”

¹⁹ sn One man refers here to Jesus Christ.

²⁰ tn Grk “the many.”