Matthew 20:1

Workers in the Vineyard

20:1 “For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner ¹  who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard.

Matthew 20:8

20:8 When ²  it was evening ³  the owner of the vineyard said to his manager, ‘Call the workers and give the pay ⁴  starting with the last hired until the first.’

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¹ sn The term landowner here refers to the owner and manager of a household.

² tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

³ sn That is, six o’clock in the evening, the hour to pay day laborers. See Lev 19:13b.

⁴ tc ‡ Most witnesses (including B D W Θ Ë^1,13 33^vid Ï latt sy) have αὐτοῖς (autois, “to them”) after ἀπόδος (apodos, “give the pay”), but this seems to be a motivated reading, clarifying the indirect object. The omission is supported by א C L Z 085 Or. Nevertheless, NA²⁷ includes the pronoun on the basis of the greater external attestation.