4:17 Cain had marital relations 1 with his wife, and she became pregnant 2 and gave birth to Enoch. Cain was building a city, and he named the city after 3 his son Enoch.
1 tn Heb “knew,” a frequent euphemism for sexual relations.
2 tn Or “she conceived.”
3 tn Heb “according to the name of.”
4 tn Heb “father.” In this passage the word “father” means “founder,” referring to the first to establish such lifestyles and occupations.
5 tn The word “keep” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation. Other words that might be supplied instead are “tend,” “raise” (NIV), or “have” (NRSV).
6 tn The traditional rendering here, “who forged” (or “a forger of”) is now more commonly associated with counterfeit or fraud (e.g., “forged copies” or “forged checks”) than with the forging of metal. The phrase “heated metal and shaped [it]” has been used in the translation instead.