Exodus 21:19

21:19 and then if he gets up and walks about outside on his staff, then the one who struck him is innocent, except he must pay for the injured person’s loss of time and see to it that he is fully healed.

Exodus 21:28

Laws about Animals

21:28 “If an ox gores a man or a woman so that either dies, then the ox must surely be stoned and its flesh must not be eaten, but the owner of the ox will be acquitted.


tn “and then” has been supplied.

tn The verb is a Hitpael perfect with vav (ו) consecutive; it follows the sequence of the imperfect before it – “if he gets up and walks about.” This is proof of recovery.

tn The imperfect tense carries a nuance of obligatory imperfect because this is binding on the one who hit him.

tn Heb “his”; the referent (the injured person) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

tn The word appears to be the infinitive from the verb “to sit” with a meaning of “his sitting down”; some suggest it is from the verb “to rest” with a meaning “cease.” In either case the point in the context must mean compensation is due for the time he was down.

sn The point that this section of the laws makes is that one must ensure the safety of others by controlling the circumstances.

tn Traditionally “ox,” but “bull” would also be suitable. The term may refer to one of any variety of large cattle.

tn Heb “and he dies”; KJV “that they die”; NAB, NASB “to death.”

tn The text uses סָקוֹל יִסָּקֵל (saqol yissaqel), a Qal infinitive absolute with a Niphal imperfect. The infinitive intensifies the imperfect, which here has an obligatory nuance or is a future of instruction.