5:18 Consequently, 1 just as condemnation 2 for all people 3 came 4 through one transgression, 5 so too through the one righteous act 6 came righteousness leading to life 7 for all people.
11:1 So I ask, God has not rejected his people, has he? Absolutely not! For I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin.
1 tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.
2 tn Grk “[it is] unto condemnation for all people.”
3 tn Here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpou") has been translated as a generic (“people”) since both men and women are clearly intended in this context.
4 tn There are no verbs in the Greek text of v. 18, forcing translators to supply phrases like “came through one transgression,” “resulted from one transgression,” etc.
5 sn One transgression refers to the sin of Adam in Gen 3:1-24.
6 sn The one righteous act refers to Jesus’ death on the cross.
7 tn Grk “righteousness of life.”
8 tn Grk “firstfruits,” a term for the first part of something that has been set aside and offered to God before the remainder can be used.
9 sn Most interpreters see Paul as making use of a long-standing metaphor of the olive tree (the root…the branches) as a symbol for Israel. See, in this regard, Jer 11:16, 19. A. T. Hanson, Studies in Paul’s Technique and Theology, 121-24, cites rabbinic use of the figure of the olive tree, and goes so far as to argue that Rom 11:17-24 is a midrash on Jer 11:16-19.