5:18 Consequently, 8 just as condemnation 9 for all people 10 came 11 through one transgression, 12 so too through the one righteous act 13 came righteousness leading to life 14 for all people. 5:19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man 15 many 16 were made sinners, so also through the obedience of one man 17 many 18 will be made righteous.
6:21 So what benefit 19 did you then reap 20 from those things that you are now ashamed of? For the end of those things is death.
11:1 So I ask, God has not rejected his people, has he? Absolutely not! For I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin.
“The Deliverer will come out of Zion;
he will remove ungodliness from Jacob.
1 tn Grk “(as we are slandered and some affirm that we say…).”
2 tn Grk “whose.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, this relative clause was rendered as a new sentence in the translation.
3 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4 tn Grk “who against hope believed,” referring to Abraham. The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
5 sn A quotation from Gen 17:5.
6 tn Grk “according to that which had been spoken.”
7 sn A quotation from Gen 15:5.
8 tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.
9 tn Grk “[it is] unto condemnation for all people.”
10 tn Here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpou") has been translated as a generic (“people”) since both men and women are clearly intended in this context.
11 tn There are no verbs in the Greek text of v. 18, forcing translators to supply phrases like “came through one transgression,” “resulted from one transgression,” etc.
12 sn One transgression refers to the sin of Adam in Gen 3:1-24.
13 sn The one righteous act refers to Jesus’ death on the cross.
14 tn Grk “righteousness of life.”
15 sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).
16 tn Grk “the many.”
17 sn One man refers here to Jesus Christ.
18 tn Grk “the many.”
19 tn Grk “fruit.”
20 tn Grk “have,” in a tense emphasizing their customary condition in the past.
21 tn Grk “firstfruits,” a term for the first part of something that has been set aside and offered to God before the remainder can be used.
22 sn Most interpreters see Paul as making use of a long-standing metaphor of the olive tree (the root…the branches) as a symbol for Israel. See, in this regard, Jer 11:16, 19. A. T. Hanson, Studies in Paul’s Technique and Theology, 121-24, cites rabbinic use of the figure of the olive tree, and goes so far as to argue that Rom 11:17-24 is a midrash on Jer 11:16-19.
23 tn It is not clear whether the phrase καὶ οὕτως (kai Joutws, “and so”) is to be understood in a modal sense (“and in this way”) or in a temporal sense (“and in the end”). Neither interpretation is conclusive from a grammatical standpoint, and in fact the two may not be mutually exclusive. Some, like H. Hübner, who argue strongly against the temporal reading, nevertheless continue to give the phrase a temporal significance, saying that God will save all Israel in the end (Gottes Ich und Israel [FRLANT], 118).
24 tc Some important Alexandrian and Western
25 tc Some