1 tn Νυνὶ δέ (Nuni de, “But now”) could be understood as either (1) logical or (2) temporal in force, but most recent interpreters take it as temporal, referring to a new phase in salvation history.
2 tn Grk “being witnessed by the law and the prophets,” a remark which is virtually parenthetical to Paul’s argument.
3 tn The phrase ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ (Jh agaph tou qeou, “the love of God”) could be interpreted as either an objective genitive (“our love for God”), subjective genitive (“God’s love for us”), or both (M. Zerwick’s “general” genitive [Biblical Greek, §§36-39]; D. B. Wallace’s “plenary” genitive [ExSyn 119-21]). The immediate context, which discusses what God has done for believers, favors a subjective genitive, but the fact that this love is poured out within the hearts of believers implies that it may be the source for believers’ love for God; consequently an objective genitive cannot be ruled out. It is possible that both these ideas are meant in the text and that this is a plenary genitive: “The love that comes from God and that produces our love for God has been poured out within our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us” (ExSyn 121).
4 sn On the OT background of the Spirit being poured out, see Isa 32:15; Joel 2:28-29.
5 tn Grk “having now been declared righteous.” The participle δικαιωθέντες (dikaiwqente") has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.
6 tn Or, according to BDF §219.3, “at the price of his blood.”
7 tn Grk “the wrath,” referring to God’s wrath as v. 10 shows.
8 tn Grk “knowing.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
9 tn The present tense here has been translated as a futuristic present (see ExSyn 536, where this verse is listed as an example).
10 tc Some important Alexandrian and Western