1 tn Grk “likewise so also the males abandoning the natural function of the female.”
2 tn Grk “burned with intense desire” (L&N 25.16).
3 tn Grk “another, men committing…and receiving,” continuing the description of their deeds. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
4 tn Grk “every man”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense here to stress humanity rather than masculinity.
5 tn Grk “Let God be true, and every man a liar.” The words “proven” and “shown up” are supplied in the translation to clarify the meaning.
6 tn Grk “might be justified,” a subjunctive verb, but in this type of clause it carries the same sense as the future indicative verb in the latter part. “Will” is more idiomatic in contemporary English.
7 tn Or “prevail when you judge.” A quotation from Ps 51:4.
8 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.
9 tn Grk “that we might bear fruit to God.”