Romans 1:19

1:19 because what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them.

Romans 1:28

1:28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done.

Romans 1:32

1:32 Although they fully know God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them.


tn Grk “is manifest to/in them.”

tn Grk “and just as they did not approve to have God in knowledge.”

tn Grk “the things that are improper.”

tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

tn Grk “are worthy of death.”

sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.