Romans 1:18

The Condemnation of the Unrighteous

1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people 1  who suppress the truth by their 2  unrighteousness, 3 

Romans 1:26

1:26 For this reason God gave them over to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged the natural sexual relations for unnatural ones, 4 

Romans 3:8

3:8 And why not say, “Let us do evil so that good may come of it”? – as some who slander us allege that we say. 5  (Their 6  condemnation is deserved!)

Romans 10:1

10:1 Brothers and sisters, 7  my heart’s desire and prayer to God on behalf of my fellow Israelites 8  is for their salvation.

Romans 10:3

10:3 For ignoring the righteousness that comes from God, and seeking instead to establish their own righteousness, they did not submit to God’s righteousness.

Romans 11:23

11:23 And even they – if they do not continue in their unbelief – will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.

Romans 16:4-5

16:4 who risked their own necks for my life. Not only I, but all the churches of the Gentiles are grateful to them. 16:5 Also greet the church in their house. Greet my dear friend Epenetus, 9  who was the first convert 10  to Christ in the province of Asia. 11 

1 tn The genitive ἀνθρώπων could be taken as an attributed genitive, in which case the phase should be translated “against all ungodly and unrighteous people” (cf. “the truth of God” in v. 25 which is also probably an attributed genitive). C. E. B. Cranfield takes the section 1:18-32 to refer to all people (not just Gentiles), while 2:1-3:20 points out that the Jew is no exception (Romans [ICC], 1:104-6; 1:137-38).

2 tn “Their” is implied in the Greek, but is supplied because of English style.

3 tn Or “by means of unrighteousness.” Grk “in (by) unrighteousness.”

4 tn Grk “for their females exchanged the natural function for that which is contrary to nature.” The term χρῆσις (crhsi") has the force of “sexual relations” here (L&N 23.65).

5 tn Grk “(as we are slandered and some affirm that we say…).”

6 tn Grk “whose.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, this relative clause was rendered as a new sentence in the translation.

7 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.

8 tn Grk “on behalf of them”; the referent (Paul’s fellow Israelites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

9 sn The spelling Epenetus is also used by NIV, NLT; the name is alternately spelled Epaenetus (NASB, NKJV, NRSV).

10 tn Grk “first fruit.” This is a figurative use referring to Epenetus as the first Christian convert in the region.

11 tn Grk “Asia”; in the NT this always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia.