7:9 After these things I looked, and here was 5 an enormous crowd that no one could count, made up of persons from every nation, tribe, 6 people, and language, standing before the throne and before the Lamb dressed in long white robes, and with palm branches in their hands.
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of new but related material.
2 tn Grk “who were sealed.”
3 tn Normally, “every,” but since 144,000 is the total number, “all” is clearer here.
4 tn Grk “the sons of Israel,” normally an idiom for the Israelites as an ethnic entity (L&N 11.58). However, many scholars understand the expression in this context to refer to Christians rather than ethnic Israelites.
5 tn The phrase “and here was” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).
6 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated before each of the following categories, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.