16:12 Then 1 the sixth angel 2 poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates and dried up its water 3 to prepare the way 4 for the kings from the east. 5
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
2 tn Grk “the sixth”; the referent (the sixth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
3 tn Grk “and its water was dried up.” Here the passive construction has been translated as an active one.
4 tn Grk “in order that the way might be prepared.” Here the passive construction has been translated as an active one.
5 tn Grk “from the rising of the sun.” BDAG 74 s.v. ἀνατολή 2.a takes this as a geographical direction: “ἀπὸ ἀ. ἡλίου…from the east Rv 7:2; 16:12; simply ἀπὸ ἀ. …21:13.”
6 tn The word “others” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
7 tn On this term BDAG 252 s.v. διπλόω states, “to double τὰ διπλᾶ pay back double Rv 18:6.”