Revelation 13:4

13:4 they worshiped the dragon because he had given ruling authority¹ to the beast, and they worshiped the beast too, saying: “Who is like the beast?” and “Who is able to make war against him?”²

Revelation 13:12

13:12 He³ exercised all the ruling authority⁴ of the first beast on his behalf,⁵ and made the earth and those who inhabit it worship the first beast, the one whose lethal wound had been healed.

Revelation 16:9

16:9 Thus⁶ people⁷ were scorched by the terrible heat,⁸ yet⁹ they blasphemed the name of God, who has ruling authority¹⁰ over these plagues, and they would not repent and give him glory.

Revelation 17:12

17:12 The¹¹ ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive ruling authority¹² as kings with the beast for one hour.

¹tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

²tn On the use of the masculine pronoun to refer to the beast, see the note on the word “It” in 13:1.

³tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁴tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

⁵tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”

⁶tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.

⁷tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

⁸tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16…καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”

⁹tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

¹⁰tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

¹¹tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹²tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.