12:7 Then 4 war broke out in heaven: Michael 5 and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back.
1 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.
2 tn The clause, “even as white as snow” seems to heighten the preceding clause and is so understood in this ascensive sense (“even”) in the translation.
3 tn The genitive noun πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive.
4 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
5 sn The archangel Michael had a special role in protecting the nation of Israel in the OT (Dan 10:13, 21; 12:1; see also Jude 9).
6 tn Grk “and that no one be able to buy or sell.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Although the ἵνα (Jina) is left untranslated, the English conjunction “thus” is used to indicate that this is a result clause.
7 tn The word “things” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context. In the context of buying and selling, food could be primarily in view, but the more general “things” was used in the translation because the context is not specific.
8 tn Grk “except the one who had.”
9 tn Grk “his name or the number of his name.”
10 tn The genitive noun πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive (see also Rev 1:14).
11 tn For the translation of διάδημα (diadhma) as “diadem crown” see L&N 6.196.
sn Diadem crowns were a type of crown used as a symbol of the highest ruling authority in a given area, and thus often associated with kingship.
12 tn Grk “head, having.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
13 tn Although many translations supply a prepositional phrase to specify what the name was written on (“upon Him,” NASB; “on him,” NIV), there is no location for the name specified in the Greek text.