23:9 For from the top of the rocks I see them; 1
from the hills I watch them. 2
Indeed, a nation that lives alone,
and it will not be reckoned 3 among the nations.
23:10 Who 4 can count 5 the dust 6 of Jacob,
Or number 7 the fourth part of Israel?
Let me 8 die the death of the upright, 9
and let the end of my life 10 be like theirs.” 11
23:21 He 12 has not looked on iniquity in Jacob, 13
nor has he seen trouble 14 in Israel.
The Lord their God is with them;
his acclamation 15 as king is among them.
1 tn Heb “him,” but here it refers to the Israelites (Israel).
2 sn Balaam reports his observation of the nation of Israel spread out below him in the valley. Based on that vision, and the
3 tn The verb could also be taken as a reflexive – Israel does not consider itself as among the nations, meaning, they consider themselves to be unique.
4 tn The question is again rhetorical; it means no one can count them – they are innumerable.
5 tn The perfect tense can also be classified as a potential nuance. It does not occur very often, but does occur several times.
6 sn The reference in the oracle is back to Gen 13:16, which would not be clear to Balaam. But God had described their growth like the dust of the earth. Here it is part of the description of the vast numbers.
7 tn Heb “and as a number, the fourth part of Israel.” The noun in the MT is not in the construct state, and so it should be taken as an adverbial accusative, forming a parallel with the verb “count.” The second object of the verse then follows, “the fourth part of Israel.” Smr and the LXX have “and who has numbered” (וּמִסְפָּר, umispar), making this colon more parallel to the preceding one. The editor of BHS prefers this reading.
8 tn The use of נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) for the subject of the verb stresses the personal nature – me.
9 sn Here the seer’s words link with the promise of Gen 12:3, that whoever blesses Israel will be blessed. Since the blessing belongs to them, the upright (and not Balak), Balaam would like his lot to be with them.
10 tn Heb “my latter end.”
11 tn Heb “his.”
12 tn These could be understood as impersonal and so rendered “no one has discovered.”
13 sn The line could mean that God has regarded Israel as the ideal congregation without any blemish or flaw. But it could also mean that God has not looked on their iniquity, meaning, held it against them.
14 tn The word means “wrong, misery, trouble.” It can mean the idea of “disaster” as well, for that too is trouble. Here it is parallel to “iniquity” and so has the connotation of something that would give God reason to curse them.
15 tn The people are blessed because God is their king. In fact, the shout of acclamation is among them – they are proclaiming the