Matthew 5:40

5:40 And if someone wants to sue you and to take your tunic, ¹  give him your coat also.

Matthew 5:42

5:42 Give to the one who asks you, ²  and do not reject ³  the one who wants to borrow from you.

Matthew 7:9

7:9 Is ⁴  there anyone among you who, if his son asks for bread, will give him a stone?

Matthew 12:36

12:36 I ⁵  tell you that on the day of judgment, people will give an account for every worthless word they speak.

Matthew 14:8

14:8 Instructed by her mother, she said, “Give me the head of John the Baptist here on a platter.”

Matthew 19:7

19:7 They said to him, “Why then did Moses command us to give a certificate of dismissal and to divorce her?” ⁶ 

Matthew 20:4

20:4 He said to them, ‘You go into the vineyard too, and I will give you whatever is right.’

Matthew 25:8

25:8 The ⁷  foolish ones said to the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil, because our lamps are going out.’

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¹ tn Or “shirt” (a long garment worn under the cloak next to the skin). The name for this garment (χιτών, citwn) presents some difficulty in translation. Most modern readers would not understand what a “tunic” was any more than they would be familiar with a “chiton.” On the other hand, attempts to find a modern equivalent are also a problem: “Shirt” conveys the idea of a much shorter garment that covers only the upper body, and “undergarment” (given the styles of modern underwear) is more misleading still. “Tunic” was therefore employed, but with a note to explain its nature.

² sn Jesus advocates a generosity and a desire to meet those in dire need with the command give to the one who asks you. This may allude to begging; giving alms was viewed highly in the ancient world (Matt 6:1-4; Deut 15:7-11).

³ tn Grk “do not turn away from.”

⁴ tn Grk “Or is there.”

⁵ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.

⁶ tc ‡ Although the majority of witnesses (B C W 078 087 ˹³ 33 Ï sy^p,h) have αὐτήν (authn, “her”) after the infinitive ἀπολῦσαι (apolusai, “to divorce”), a variant lacks the αὐτήν. This shorter reading may be due to assimilation to the Markan parallel, but since it is attested in early and diverse witnesses (א D L Z Θ Ë¹ 579 700 pc lat) and since the parallel verse (Mark 10:4) already departs at many points, the shorter reading seems more likely to be original. The pronoun has been included in the translation, however, for clarity. NA²⁷ includes the word in brackets, indicating reservations regarding its authenticity.

sn A quotation from Deut 24:1. The Pharisees were all in agreement that the OT permitted a man to write a certificate of dismissal and to divorce his wife (not vice-versa) and that remarriage was therefore sanctioned. But the two rabbinic schools of Shammai and Hillel differed on the grounds for divorce. Shammai was much stricter than Hillel and permitted divorce only in the case of sexual immorality. Hillel permitted divorce for almost any reason (cf. the Mishnah, m. Gittin 9.10).

⁷ tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated.