Matthew 5:22

5:22 But I say to you that anyone who is angry with a brother ¹  will be subjected to judgment. And whoever insults ²  a brother will be brought before ³  the council, ⁴  and whoever says ‘Fool’ ⁵  will be sent ⁶  to fiery hell. ⁷ 

Matthew 5:29-30

5:29 If your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away! It is better to lose one of your members than to have your whole body thrown into hell. ⁸  5:30 If your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away! It is better to lose one of your members than to have your whole body go into hell.

Matthew 10:28

10:28 Do ⁹  not be afraid of those who kill the body ¹⁰  but cannot kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. ¹¹ 

Matthew 18:9

18:9 And if your eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter into life with one eye than to have ¹²  two eyes and be thrown into fiery hell. ¹³ 

Matthew 23:15

23:15 “Woe to you, experts in the law ¹⁴  and you Pharisees, hypocrites! You cross land and sea to make one convert, ¹⁵  and when you get one, ¹⁶  you make him twice as much a child of hell ¹⁷  as yourselves!

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¹ tc The majority of mss read the word εἰκῇ (eikh, “without cause”) here after “brother.” This insertion has support from א² D L W Θ 0233 Ë^1,13 33 Ï it sy co Ir^lat Or^mss Cyp Cyr. Thus the Western, Caesarean, and Byzantine texttypes all include the word, while the best Alexandrian and some other witnesses (Ì⁶⁴ א* B 1424^mg pc aur vg Or Hier^mss) lack it. The ms evidence favors its exclusion, though there is a remote possibility that εἰκῇ could have been accidentally omitted from these witnesses by way of homoioarcton (the next word, ἔνοχος [enocos, “guilty”], begins with the same letter). An intentional change would likely arise from the desire to qualify “angry,” especially in light of the absolute tone of Jesus’ words. While “without cause” makes good practical sense in this context, and must surely be a true interpretation of Jesus’ meaning (cf. Mark 3:5), it does not commend itself as original.

² tn Grk “whoever says to his brother ‘Raca,’” an Aramaic word of contempt or abuse meaning “fool” or “empty head.”

³ tn Grk “subjected,” “guilty,” “liable.”

⁴ tn Grk “the Sanhedrin.”

⁵ tn The meaning of the term μωρός (mwros) is somewhat disputed. Most take it to mean, following the Syriac versions, “you fool,” although some have argued that it represents a transliteration into Greek of the Hebrew term מוֹרֵה (moreh) “rebel” (Deut 21:18, 20; cf. BDAG 663 s.v. μωρός c).

⁶ tn Grk “subjected,” “guilty,” “liable.”

⁷ tn Grk “the Gehenna of fire.”

sn The word translated hell is “Gehenna” (γέεννα, geenna), a Greek transliteration of the Hebrew words ge hinnom (“Valley of Hinnom”). This was the valley along the south side of Jerusalem. In OT times it was used for human sacrifices to the pagan god Molech (cf. Jer 7:31; 19:5-6; 32:35), and it came to be used as a place where human excrement and rubbish were disposed of and burned. In the intertestamental period, it came to be used symbolically as the place of divine punishment (cf. 1 En. 27:2, 90:26; 4 Ezra 7:36).

⁸ sn On this word here and in the following verse, see the note on the word hell in 5:22.

⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

¹⁰ sn Judaism had a similar exhortation in 4 Macc 13:14-15.

¹¹ sn See the note on the word hell in 5:22.

¹² tn Grk “than having.”

¹³ tn Grk “the Gehenna of fire.”

sn See the note on the word hell in 5:22.

¹⁴ tn Or “scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 2:4.

¹⁵ tn Or “one proselyte.”

¹⁶ tn Grk “when he becomes [one].”

¹⁷ tn Grk “a son of Gehenna.” Expressions constructed with υἱός (Juios) followed by a genitive of class or kind denote a person belonging to the class or kind specified by the following genitive (L&N 9.4). Thus the phrase here means “a person who belongs to hell.”

sn See the note on the word hell in 5:22.