Matthew 20:19

20:19 and will turn him over to the Gentiles to be mocked and flogged severely ¹  and crucified. ²  Yet ³  on the third day, he will be raised.”

Matthew 26:2

26:2 “You know that after two days the Passover is coming, and the Son of Man will be handed over ⁴  to be crucified.” ⁵ 

Matthew 28:5

28:5 But the angel said ⁶  to the women, “Do not be afraid; I know ⁷  that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified. ⁸ 

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¹ tn Traditionally, “scourged” (the term means to beat severely with a whip, L&N 19.9). BDAG 620 s.v. μαστιγόω 1.a states, “The ‘verberatio’ is denoted in the passion predictions and explicitly as action by non-Israelites Mt 20:19; Mk 10:34; Lk 18:33”; the verberatio was the beating given to those condemned to death in the Roman judicial system. Here the term μαστιγόω (mastigow) has been translated “flog…severely” to distinguish it from the term φραγελλόω (fragellow) used in Matt 27:26; Mark 15:15.

² sn Crucifixion was the cruelest form of punishment practiced by the Romans. Roman citizens could not normally undergo it. It was reserved for the worst crimes, like treason and evasion of due process in a capital case. The Roman historian Cicero called it “a cruel and disgusting penalty” (Against Verres 2.5.63-66 §§163-70); Josephus (J. W. 7.6.4 [7.203]) called it the worst of deaths.

³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

⁴ tn Or “will be delivered up.”

⁵ sn See the note on crucified in 20:19.

⁶ tn Grk “But answering, the angel said.” This is somewhat redundant in English and has been simplified in the translation.

⁷ tn Grk “for I know.”

⁸ sn See the note on crucified in 20:19.