4:1 Again he began to teach by the lake. Such a large crowd gathered around him that he got into a boat on the lake and sat there while 1 the whole crowd was on the shore by the lake.
8:31 Then 2 Jesus 3 began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer 4 many things and be rejected by the elders, chief priests, and experts in the law, 5 and be killed, and after three days rise again.
1 tn Grk “and all the crowd.” The clause in this phrase, although coordinate in terms of grammar, is logically subordinate to the previous clause.
2 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
3 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4 sn The necessity that the Son of Man suffer is the particular point that needed emphasis, since for many 1st century Jews the Messiah was a glorious and powerful figure, not a suffering one.
5 tn Or “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 1:22.
6 tn The imperfect ἐδίδασκεν (edidasken) is here taken ingressively.
7 sn A quotation from Isa 56:7.
8 tn Or “a hideout” (see L&N 1.57).
9 sn A quotation from Jer 7:11. The meaning of Jesus’ statement about making the temple courts a den of robbers probably operates here at two levels. Not only were the religious leaders robbing the people financially, but because of this they had also robbed them spiritually by stealing from them the opportunity to come to know God genuinely. It is possible that these merchants had recently been moved to this location for convenience.