22:22 “‘You must not present to the Lord something blind, or with a broken bone, or mutilated, or with a running sore, 20 or with a festering eruption, or with a feverish rash. 21 You must not give any of these as a gift 22 on the altar to the Lord.
1 tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root, מַעַל, ma’al); cf. NIV “commits a violation.” The word refers to some kind of overstepping of the boundary between that which is common (i.e., available for common use by common people) and that which is holy (i.e., to be used only for holy purposes because it has been consecrated to the
2 tn See Lev 4:2 above for a note on “straying.”
3 sn Heb “from the holy things of the
4 tn Here the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential use of אָשָׁם (’asham; see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303).
5 tn Heb “in your valuation, silver of shekels, in the shekel of the sanctuary.” The translation offered here suggests that, instead of a ram, the guilt offering could be presented in the form of money (see, e.g., NRSV; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:326-27). Others still maintain the view that it refers to the value of the ram that was offered (see, e.g., NIV “of the proper value in silver, according to the sanctuary shekel”; also NAB, NLT; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 72-73, 81).
sn The sanctuary shekel was about 10 grams (= ca. two fifths of an ounce; J. E. Shepherd, NIDOTTE 4:237-38).
6 tn The word for “guilt offering” (sometimes translated “reparation offering”) is the same as “guilt” earlier in the verse (rendered there “[penalty for] guilt”). One can tell which is intended only by the context.
sn The primary purpose of the guilt offering was to “atone” (see the note on Lev 1:4 above) for “trespassing” on the
7 tn Again, Aaron probably did the washing (v. 21a), but Moses presented the portions on the altar (v. 21b; cf. the note on v. 15 above).
8 tn See Lev 1:9, 13.
9 tn Or “Behold!” (so KJV, ASV, NASB); NRSV “See.”
10 tn Heb “today they presented their sin offering and their burnt offering before the
11 tn Smr and LXX add after “tent of meeting” the following: “to make it a burnt offering or a peace offering to the
12 tc Smr includes the suffix “it,” which is needed in any case in the translation to conform to English style.
13 sn The exact meaning of this penalty clause is not certain. It could mean (1) that he will be executed, whether by God or by man, (2) that he will be excommunicated from sanctuary worship and/or community benefits, or (3) that his line will be terminated by God (i.e., extirpation). See also the note on Lev 7:20.
14 tn Heb “So that which.”
15 tn Heb “on the faces of the field.”
16 tn Heb “To your generations.”
17 tn The Piel (v. 2) and Hiphil (v. 3) forms of the verb קָדַשׁ (qadash) appear to be interchangeable in this context. Both mean “to consecrate” (Heb “make holy [or “sacred”]”).
18 tn Heb “and his impurity [is] on him”; NIV “is ceremonially unclean”; NAB, NRSV “while he is in a state of uncleanness.”
19 sn Regarding the “cut off” penalty, see the note on Lev 7:20. Cf. the interpretive translation of TEV “he can never again serve at the altar.”
20 tn Or perhaps “a wart” (cf. NIV; HALOT 383 s.v. יַבֶּלֶת, but see the remarks in J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 358).
21 sn See the note on Lev 21:20 above.
22 sn This term for offering “gift” is explained in the note on Lev 1:9.
23 tn Heb “And you shall present on the bread.”
24 tn Heb “seven flawless lambs, sons of a year.”
25 tn Heb “and one bull, a son of a herd.”
26 tc Smr and LXX add “flawless.”
27 tn Heb “and their grain offering.”
28 sn See the note on Lev 1:9.
29 tn The Hebrew term עֲצֶרֶת (’atseret) “solemn assembly [day]” derives from a root associated with restraint or closure. It could refer either to the last day as “closing assembly” day of the festival (e.g., NIV) or a special day of restraint expressed in a “solemn assembly” (e.g., NRSV); cf. NLT “a solemn closing assembly.”