Leviticus 14:10

The Eighth Day Atonement Rituals

14:10 “On the eighth day he ¹  must take two flawless male lambs, one flawless yearling female lamb, three-tenths of an ephah of choice wheat flour as a grain offering mixed with olive oil, ²  and one log of olive oil, ³ 

Leviticus 19:36

19:36 You must have honest balances, ⁴  honest weights, an honest ephah, and an honest hin. ⁵  I am the Lord your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt.

Leviticus 23:13

23:13 along with its grain offering, two tenths of an ephah of ⁶  choice wheat flour ⁷  mixed with olive oil, as a gift to the Lord, a soothing aroma, ⁸  and its drink offering, one fourth of a hin of wine. ⁹ 

Leviticus 23:17

23:17 From the places where you live you must bring two loaves of ¹⁰  bread for a wave offering; they must be made from two tenths of an ephah of fine wheat flour, baked with yeast, ¹¹  as first fruits to the Lord.

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¹ tn The subject “he” probably refers to the formerly diseased person in this case (see the notes on Lev 1:5a, 6a, and 9a).

² tn This term is often rendered “fine flour,” but it refers specifically to wheat as opposed to barley (B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 10) and, although the translation “flour” is used here, it may indicate “grits” rather than finely ground flour (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:179; see the note on Lev 2:1). The unit of measure is most certainly an “ephah” even though it is not stated explicitly (see, e.g., Num 28:5; cf. 15:4, 6, 8), and three-tenths of an ephah would amount to about a gallon, or perhaps one-third of a bushel (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 196; Milgrom, 845). Since the normal amount of flour for a lamb is one-tenth of an ephah (Num 28:4-5; cf. 15:4), three-tenths is about right for the three lambs offered in Lev 14:10-20.

³ tn A “log” (לֹג, log) of oil is about one-sixth of a liter, or one-third of a pint, or two-thirds of a cup.

⁴ tn Heb “balances of righteousness,” and so throughout this sentence.

⁵ sn An ephah is a dry measure which measures about four gallons, or perhaps one third of a bushel, while a hin is a liquid measure of about 3.6 liters (= approximately 1 quart).

⁶ sn See the note on Lev 5:11.

⁷ sn See the note on Lev 2:1.

⁸ sn See the note on Lev 1:9.

⁹ tn Heb “wine, one fourth of the hin.” A pre-exilic hin is about 3.6 liters (= ca. 1 quart), so one fourth of a hin would be about one cup.

¹⁰ tc Smr, LXX, Syriac, Tg. Onq., and Tg. Ps.-J. insert the word חַלּוֹת (khallot, “loaves”; cf. Lev 2:4 and the note there). Even though “loaves” is not explicit in the MT, the number “two” suggests that these are discrete units, not just a measure of flour, so “loaves” should be assumed even in the MT.

¹¹ tn Heb “with leaven.” The noun “leaven” is traditional in English versions (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV), but “yeast” is more commonly used today.