12:1 Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites defeated and drove from their land 1 on the east side of the Jordan, 2 from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern Arabah:
12:2 King Sihon of the Amorites who lived 3 in Heshbon and ruled from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) – including the city in the middle of the valley 4 and half of Gilead – all the way to the Jabbok Valley bordering Ammonite territory. 12:3 His kingdom included 5 the eastern Arabah from the Sea of Kinnereth 6 to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea), 7 including the route to Beth Jeshimoth and the area southward below the slopes of Pisgah.
12:4 The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites, 8 who lived 9 in Ashtaroth and Edrei 12:5 and ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all of Bashan to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead as far as the border of King Sihon of Heshbon.
12:6 Moses the Lord’s servant and the Israelites defeated them and Moses the Lord’s servant assigned their land 10 to Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh.
12:7 These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the Israelites defeated on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley to Mount Halak on up to Seir. Joshua assigned this territory to the Israelite tribes, 11 12:8 including the hill country, the lowlands, 12 the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev – the land of 13 the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites:
12:9 the king of Jericho 14 (one),
the king of Ai – located near Bethel – (one),
12:10 the king of Jerusalem 15 (one),
the king of Hebron (one),
12:11 the king of Jarmuth (one),
the king of Lachish (one),
12:12 the king of Eglon (one),
the king of Gezer (one),
12:13 the king of Debir (one),
the king of Geder (one),
12:14 the king of Hormah (one),
the king of Arad (one),
12:15 the king of Libnah (one),
the king of Adullam (one),
12:16 the king of Makkedah (one),
the king of Bethel 16 (one),
12:17 the king of Tappuah (one),
the king of Hepher (one),
12:18 the king of Aphek (one),
the king of Lasharon (one),
12:19 the king of Madon (one),
the king of Hazor 17 (one),
12:20 the king of Shimron Meron (one),
the king of Acshaph (one),
12:21 the king of Taanach (one),
the king of Megiddo 18 (one),
12:22 the king of Kedesh (one),
the king of Jokneam near Carmel (one),
12:23 the king of Dor – near Naphath Dor – (one),
the king of Goyim – near Gilgal – (one),
12:24 the king of Tirzah (one),
a total of thirty-one kings.
13:1 When Joshua was very old, 19 the Lord told him, “You are very old, and a great deal of land remains to be conquered. 13:2 This is the land that remains: all the territory of the Philistines and all the Geshurites, 13:3 from the Shihor River 20 east of 21 Egypt northward to the territory of Ekron (it is regarded as Canaanite territory), 22 including the area belonging to the five Philistine lords who ruled in Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron, as well as Avvite land 23 13:4 to the south; 24 all the Canaanite territory, 25 from Arah 26 in the region of Sidon 27 to Aphek, as far as Amorite territory; 13:5 the territory of Byblos 28 and all Lebanon to the east, from Baal Gad below Mount Hermon to Lebo Hamath. 29 13:6 I will drive out before the Israelites all who live in the hill country from Lebanon to Misrephoth Maim, 30 all the Sidonians; you be sure to parcel it out to Israel as I instructed you.” 31 13:7 Now, divide up this land 32 among the nine tribes and the half-tribe of Manasseh.”
13:8 The other half of Manasseh, 33 Reuben, and Gad received their allotted tribal lands beyond the Jordan, 34 just as Moses, the Lord’s servant, had assigned them. 13:9 Their territory started 35 from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley), included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba as far as Dibon, 13:10 and all the cities of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon, and ended at the Ammonite border. 13:11 Their territory also included 36 Gilead, Geshurite and Maacathite territory, all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah – 13:12 the whole kingdom of Og in Bashan, who ruled in Ashtaroth and Edrei. (He was one of the few remaining Rephaites.) 37 Moses defeated them and took their lands. 38 13:13 But the Israelites did not conquer 39 the Geshurites and Maacathites; Geshur and Maacah live among Israel to this very day. 13:14 However, Moses 40 did not assign land as an inheritance 41 to the Levites; their inheritance 42 is the sacrificial offerings 43 made to the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed 44 them.
13:15 Moses assigned land to the tribe of Reuben 45 by its clans. 13:16 Their territory started at Aroer 46 (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) and included the city in the middle of the valley, the whole plain of Medeba, 13:17 Heshbon and all its surrounding cities on the plain, including Dibon, Bamoth Baal, Beth Baal Meon, 13:18 Jahaz, Kedemoth, Mephaath, 13:19 Kiriathaim, Sibmah, Zereth Shahar on the hill in the valley, 13:20 Beth Peor, the slopes of Pisgah, and Beth Jeshimoth. 13:21 It encompassed 47 all the cities of the plain and the whole realm of King Sihon of the Amorites who ruled in Heshbon. Moses defeated him and the Midianite leaders Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba (they were subjects of Sihon and lived in his territory). 48 13:22 The Israelites killed Balaam son of Beor, the omen reader, 49 along with the others. 50 13:23 The border of the tribe of Reuben was the Jordan. The land allotted to the tribe of Reuben by its clans included these cities and their towns. 51
13:24 Moses assigned land to the tribe of Gad 52 by its clans. 13:25 Their territory included Jazer, all the cities of Gilead, and half of Ammonite territory 53 as far as Aroer near 54 Rabbah. 13:26 Their territory ran 55 from Heshbon to Ramath Mizpah and Betonim, and from Mahanaim to the territory of Debir. 13:27 It included the valley of Beth Haram, 56 Beth Nimrah, Succoth, and Zaphon, and the rest of the realm of King Sihon of Heshbon, the area east of the Jordan to the end of the Sea of Kinnereth. 57 13:28 The land allotted to the tribe of Gad by its clans included these cities and their towns. 58
13:29 Moses assigned land to the half-tribe of Manasseh 59 by its clans. 13:30 Their territory started at 60 Mahanaim and encompassed all Bashan, the whole realm of King Og of Bashan, including all sixty cities in Havvoth Jair 61 in Bashan. 13:31 Half of Gilead, Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities in the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were assigned to the descendants of Makir son of Manasseh, to half the descendants of Makir by their clans.
13:32 These are the land assignments made by Moses 62 on the plains of Moab east of the Jordan River opposite Jericho. 63 13:33 However, Moses did not assign land as an inheritance 64 to the Levites; their inheritance 65 is the Lord God of Israel, as he instructed 66 them.
1 tn Heb “and took possession of their land.”
2 tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun.”
3 tn Or perhaps, “reigned.”
4 tc The MT reads here, “and the middle of the valley,” but the reading “the city in the middle of valley” can be reconstructed on the basis of Josh 13:9, 16.
5 tn The words “his kingdom included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
6 sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.
7 sn The Salt Sea is another name for the Dead Sea.
8 tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”
sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11.
9 tn Or perhaps “who reigned.”
10 tn Heb “gave it for a possession.”
11 tn Heb “Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel as a possession according to their allotted portions.”
12 tn Or “the foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”
13 tn The words “the land of” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
14 map For location see Map5-B2; Map6-E1; Map7-E1; Map8-E3; Map10-A2; Map11-A1.
15 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
16 map For location see Map4-G4; Map5-C1; Map6-E3; Map7-D1; Map8-G3.
17 map For location see Map1-D2; Map2-D3; Map3-A2; Map4-C1.
18 map For location see Map1-D4; Map2-C1; Map4-C2; Map5-F2; Map7-B1.
19 tn Heb “was old, coming into the days.” This expression, referring to advancing in years, also occurs in the following clause.
20 tn Heb “the Shihor”; the word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.
21 tn Heb “in front of.”
22 tn Heb “it is reckoned to the Canaanites.”
23 tn Heb “the five lords of the Philistines, the Gazaite, the Ashdodite, the Ashkelonite, the Gathite, and the Ekronite, and the Avvites.”
24 tn Or “from Teman.” The phrase is especially problematic if taken with what follows, as the traditional verse division suggests. For further discussion see T. C. Butler, Joshua (WBC), 146.
25 tn Heb “all the land of the Canaanites.”
26 tc The reading “Arah” assumes a slight emendation of the Hebrew vowel pointing. The MT reads, “and a cave,” or “and Mearah” (if one understands the word as a proper noun).
27 tn Heb “which belongs to the Sidonians.”
map For location see Map1-A1; JP3-F3; JP4-F3.
28 tn Heb “and the land of the Gebalites.”
29 tn Or “the entrance to Hamath.” Most modern translations take the phrase “Lebo Hamath” to be a proper name, but often provide a note with the alternative, where “Hamath” is the proper name and לְבוֹא (lÿvo’) is taken to mean “entrance to.”
30 tn The meaning of the Hebrew name “Misrephoth Maim” is perhaps “lime-kilns by the water” (see HALOT 2:641).
31 tn Heb “only you, assign it by lots to Israel as an inheritance as I commanded you.”
32 tn Heb “now apportion this land as an inheritance.”
33 tn The MT reads “with him,” which is problematic, since the reference would be to the other half of the tribe of Manasseh (not the half mentioned in v. 7).
34 tn Heb “received their inheritance, which Moses had assigned to them beyond the Jordan.”
35 tn The words “their territory started” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
36 tn The words “their territory also included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
37 tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”
sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11.
38 tn Or “dispossessed them.”
39 tn Or “dispossess.”
40 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
41 tn Heb “did not assign an inheritance.”
42 tn That is, “their source of food and life.”
43 tn Or “offerings made by fire.”
44 tn Or “promised” (Heb “spoke”).
sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2.
45 tn Heb “assigned to the sons of Reuben.”
46 tn Heb “their territory was from.”
47 tn The words “it encompassed” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
48 tn Heb “princes of Sihon, inhabitants of the land.”
49 tn Or “diviner.”
50 tn Heb “Balaam son of Beor, the omen-reader, the Israelites killed with the sword, along with their slain ones.”
51 tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Reuben by their clans, the cities and their towns.”
52 tn Heb “assigned to the tribe of Gad, to the sons of Gad.”
53 tn Heb “and half of the land of the sons of Ammon.”
54 tn Heb “in front of.”
55 tn The words “Their territory ran” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification.
56 tn Or “it included in the valley, Beth Haram.”
57 sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.
58 tn Heb “This is the inheritance of the sons of Gad by their clans, the cities and their towns.”
59 tn Heb “assigned to the half-tribe of Manasseh, and it belonged to the half-tribe of Manasseh.”
60 tn The words “their territory started at” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied for clarification.
61 sn The Hebrew name Havvoth Jair means “the tent villages of Jair.”
62 tn Heb “These are [the lands] which Moses gave as an inheritance.”
63 tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, east of Jericho.” The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied to clarify the meaning.
map For the location of Jericho see Map5-B2; Map6-E1; Map7-E1; Map8-E3; Map10-A2; Map11-A1.
64 tn Heb “Moses did not assign an inheritance.” The word “land” has been supplied in the translation to clarify what the inheritance consisted of.
65 tn That is, “their source of food and life.”
66 tn Or “as he promised”; Heb “as he spoke to.”
sn For the background of this observation, see Deut 18:1-2.