3:8 I will sell your sons and daughters to 1 the people of Judah. 2
They will sell them to the Sabeans, 3 a nation far away.
Indeed, the Lord has spoken!
3:13 Rush forth with 4 the sickle, for the harvest is ripe!
Come, stomp the grapes, 5 for the winepress is full!
The vats overflow.
Indeed, their evil is great! 6
1 tn Heb “into the hand of.”
2 tn Heb “the sons of Judah.”
3 sn The Sabeans were Arabian merchants who were influential along the ancient caravan routes that traveled through Arabia. See also Job 1:15; Isa 43:3; 45:14; Ps 72:10.
4 tn Heb “send.”
5 tn Heb “go down” or “tread.” The Hebrew term רְדוּ (rÿdu) may be from יָרַד (yarad, “to go down”) or from רָדָה (radah, “have dominion,” here in the sense of “to tread”). If it means “go down,” the reference would be to entering the vat to squash the grapes. If it means “tread,” the verb would refer specifically to the action of those who walk over the grapes to press out their juice. The phrase “the grapes” is supplied in the translation for clarity.
6 sn The immediacy of judgment upon wickedness is likened to the urgency required for a harvest that has reached its pinnacle of development. When the harvest is completely ripe, there can be no delay by the reapers in gathering the harvest. In a similar way, Joel envisions a time when human wickedness will reach such a heightened degree that there can be no further stay of divine judgment (cf. the “fullness of time” language in Gal 4:4).