Job 8:9

8:9 For we were born yesterday and do not have knowledge,

since our days on earth are but a shadow.

Job 36:4

36:4 For in truth, my words are not false;

it is one complete in knowledge

who is with you.

Job 36:12

36:12 But if they refuse to listen,

they pass over the river of death,

and expire without knowledge.

Job 37:16

37:16 Do you know about the balancing of the clouds,

that wondrous activity of him who is perfect in knowledge?


tn The Hebrew has “we are of yesterday,” the adverb functioning as a predicate. Bildad’s point is that they have not had time to acquire great knowledge because they are recent.

tn E. Dhorme (Job, 116) observes that the shadow is the symbol of ephemeral things (14:2; 17:7; Ps 144:4). The shadow passes away quickly (116).

tn The word is תְּמִים (tÿmim), often translated “perfect.” It is the same word used of Job in 2:3. Elihu is either a complete stranger to modesty or is confident regarding the knowledge that he believes God has revealed to him for this situation. See the note on the heading before 32:1.

tn This is a similar expression to the one in Job 33:18, where the suggestion was made by many that it means crossing over the canal or river of death. Some retain the earlier interpretation of “perish by the sword” (cf. NIV).

tn As indicated by HALOT 618 s.v. מִפְלָשׂ, the concept of “balancing” probably refers to “floating” or “suspension” (cf. NIV’s “how the clouds hang poised” and J. E. Hartley, Job [NICOT], 481-82, n. 2).