Isaiah 8:7

8:7 So look, the sovereign master is bringing up against them the turbulent and mighty waters of the Euphrates River – the king of Assyria and all his majestic power. It will reach flood stage and overflow its banks.

Isaiah 10:12

10:12 But when the sovereign master finishes judging Mount Zion and Jerusalem, then I will punish the king of Assyria for what he has proudly planned and for the arrogant attitude he displays.

Isaiah 11:11

11:11 At that time the sovereign master 10  will again lift his hand 11  to reclaim 12  the remnant of his people 13  from Assyria, Egypt, Pathros, 14  Cush, 15  Elam, Shinar, 16  Hamath, and the seacoasts. 17 

Isaiah 28:2

28:2 Look, the sovereign master 18  sends a strong, powerful one. 19 

With the force of a hailstorm or a destructive windstorm, 20 

with the might of a driving, torrential rainstorm, 21 

he will knock that crown 22  to the ground with his hand. 23 

Isaiah 29:13

29:13 The sovereign master 24  says,

“These people say they are loyal to me; 25 

they say wonderful things about me, 26 

but they are not really loyal to me. 27 

Their worship consists of

nothing but man-made ritual. 28 

Isaiah 38:14

38:14 Like a swallow or a thrush I chirp,

I coo 29  like a dove;

my eyes grow tired from looking up to the sky. 30 

O sovereign master, 31  I am oppressed;

help me! 32 


tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

tn Heb “the mighty and abundant waters of the river.” The referent of “the river” here, the Euphrates River, has been specified in the translation for clarity. As the immediately following words indicate, these waters symbolize the Assyrian king and his armies which will, as it were, inundate the land.

tn Heb “it will go up over all its stream beds and go over all its banks.”

tn The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in vv. 16, 23, 24, 33 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

tn Heb “his work on/against.” Cf. NAB, NASB, NRSV “on”; NIV “against.”

tn The Lord is speaking here, as in vv. 5-6a.

tn Heb “I will visit [judgment] on the fruit of the greatness of the heart of the king of Assyria, and on the glory of the height of his eyes.” The proud Assyrian king is likened to a large, beautiful fruit tree.

tn Or “in that day” (KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

10 tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonai).

11 tc The Hebrew text reads, “the sovereign master will again, a second time, his hand.” The auxiliary verb יוֹסִיף (yosif), which literally means “add,” needs a main verb to complete it. Consequently many emend שֵׁנִית (shenit, “a second time”) to an infinitive. Some propose the form שַׁנֹּת (shannot, a Piel infinitive construct from שָׁנָה, shanah) and relate it semantically to an Arabic cognate meaning “to be high.” If the Hebrew text is retained a verb must be supplied. “Second time” would allude back to the events of the Exodus (see vv. 15-16).

12 tn Or “acquire”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV “recover.”

13 tn Heb “the remnant of his people who remain.”

14 sn Perhaps a reference to Upper (i.e., southern) Egypt (so NIV, NLT; NCV “South Egypt”).

15 tn Or “Ethiopia” (NAB, NRSV, NLT).

16 tn Or “Babylonia” (NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT).

17 tn Or perhaps, “the islands of the sea.”

18 tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in vv. 16, 22 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

19 tn Heb “Look, a strong and powerful [one] belongs to the Lord.”

20 tn Heb “like a rainstorm of hail, a wind of destruction.”

21 tn Heb “like a rainstorm of mighty, overflowing waters.”

22 tn The words “that crown” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The object of the verb is unexpressed in the Hebrew text.

23 tn Or “by [his] power.”

24 tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonai).

25 tn Heb “Because these people draw near to me with their mouth.”

26 tn Heb “and with their lips they honor me.”

27 tn Heb “but their heart is far from me.” The heart is viewed here as the seat of the will, from which genuine loyalty derives.

28 tn Heb “their fear of me is a commandment of men that has been taught.”

29 tn Or “moan” (ASV, NAB, NASB, NRSV); KJV, CEV “mourn.”

30 tn Heb “my eyes become weak, toward the height.”

31 tn The Hebrew term translated “sovereign master” here and in v. 16 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).

32 tn Heb “stand surety for me.” Hezekiah seems to be picturing himself as a debtor who is being exploited; he asks that the Lord might relieve his debt and deliver him from the oppressive creditor.