12:14 But Ephraim bitterly 1 provoked him to anger;
so he will hold him accountable for the blood he has shed, 2
his Lord 3 will repay him for the contempt he has shown. 4
1 tn The noun תַּמְרוּרִים (tamrurim, “bitter things”) functions as an adverbial accusative of manner, modifying the finite verb: “He bitterly provoked Him to anger” (GKC 375 §118.q). The plural form of the noun functions as a plural of intensity: “very bitterly.” For the adverbial function of the accusative, see IBHS 172-73 §10.2.2e.
2 tn Heb “He will leave his blood upon him”; NIV “will leave upon him the guilt of his bloodshed.”
3 tn The Hebrew term translated “Lord” here is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).
4 tn Heb “for his contempt” (so NIV); NRSV “for his insults”; NAB “for his outrage.”