Genesis 18:3

18:3 He said, “My lord, if I have found favor in your sight, do not pass by and leave your servant.

Genesis 24:17

24:17 Abraham’s servant ran to meet her and said, “Please give me a sip of water from your jug.”

Genesis 24:52

24:52 When Abraham’s servant heard their words, he bowed down to the ground before the Lord.

Genesis 30:4

30:4 So Rachel gave him her servant Bilhah as a wife, and Jacob had marital relations with her.

Genesis 30:9

30:9 When Leah saw that she had stopped having children, she gave her servant Zilpah to Jacob as a wife.

Genesis 43:28

43:28 “Your servant our father is well,” they replied. “He is still alive.” They bowed down in humility.

Genesis 44:27

44:27 “Then your servant my father said to us, ‘You know that my wife gave me two sons.


tc The MT has the form אֲדֹנָי (’adonay, “Master”) which is reserved for God. This may reflect later scribal activity. The scribes, knowing it was the Lord, may have put the proper pointing with the word instead of the more common אֲדֹנִי (’adoni, “my master”).

tn Heb “do not pass by from upon your servant.”

tn Heb “and the servant.” The word “Abraham’s” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

tn Heb “and she”; the referent (Rachel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

tn Heb “went in to.” The expression “went in to” in this context refers to sexual intercourse.

tn Heb “she took her servant Zilpah and gave her.” The verbs “took” and “gave” are treated as a hendiadys in the translation: “she gave.”

tn Heb “and they bowed low and they bowed down.” The use of synonyms here emphasizes the brothers’ humility.

tn Heb “that two sons my wife bore to me.”