14:17 After Abram 1 returned from defeating Kedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet Abram 2 in the Valley of Shaveh (known as the King’s Valley). 3 14:18 Melchizedek king of Salem 4 brought out bread and wine. (Now he was the priest of the Most High God.) 5
1 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abram) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2 tn Heb “him”; the referent (Abram) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
3 sn The King’s Valley is possibly a reference to what came to be known later as the Kidron Valley.
4 sn Salem is traditionally identified as the Jebusite stronghold of old Jerusalem. Accordingly, there has been much speculation about its king. Though some have identified him with the preincarnate Christ or with Noah’s son Shem, it is far more likely that Melchizedek was a Canaanite royal priest whom God used to renew the promise of the blessing to Abram, perhaps because Abram considered Melchizedek his spiritual superior. But Melchizedek remains an enigma. In a book filled with genealogical records he appears on the scene without a genealogy and then disappears from the narrative. In Psalm 110 the
5 tn The parenthetical disjunctive clause significantly identifies Melchizedek as a priest as well as a king.
sn It is his royal priestly status that makes Melchizedek a type of Christ: He was identified with Jerusalem, superior to the ancestor of Israel, and both a king and a priest. Unlike the normal Canaanites, this man served “God Most High” (אֵל עֶלְיוֹן, ’el ’elyon) – one sovereign God, who was the creator of all the universe. Abram had in him a spiritual brother.