Genesis 10:9-11

10:9 He was a mighty hunter ¹  before the Lord. ²  (That is why it is said, “Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord.”) 10:10 The primary regions ³  of his kingdom were Babel, ⁴  Erech, ⁵  Akkad, ⁶  and Calneh ⁷  in the land of Shinar. ⁸  10:11 From that land he went ⁹  to Assyria, ¹⁰  where he built Nineveh, ¹¹  Rehoboth-Ir, ¹²  Calah, ¹³ 

---

¹ tn The Hebrew word for “hunt” is צַיִד (tsayid), which is used on occasion for hunting men (1 Sam 24:12; Jer 16:16; Lam 3:15).

² tn Another option is to take the divine name here, לִפְנֵי יִהוָה (lifne yÿhvah, “before the Lord [YHWH]”), as a means of expressing the superlative degree. In this case one may translate “Nimrod was the greatest hunter in the world.”

³ tn Heb “beginning.” E. A. Speiser, Genesis (AB), 67, suggests “mainstays,” citing Jer 49:35 as another text where the Hebrew noun is so used.

⁴ tn Or “Babylon.”

⁵ sn Erech (ancient Uruk, modern Warka), one of the most ancient civilizations, was located southeast of Babylon.

⁶ sn Akkad, or ancient Agade, was associated with Sargon and located north of Babylon.

⁷ tn No such place is known in Shinar (i.e., Babylonia). Therefore some have translated the Hebrew term כַלְנֵה (khalneh) as “all of them,” referring to the three previous names (cf. NRSV).

⁸ sn Shinar is another name for Babylonia.

⁹ tn The subject of the verb translated “went” is probably still Nimrod. However, it has also been interpreted that “Ashur went,” referring to a derivative power.

¹⁰ tn Heb “Asshur.”

¹¹ sn Nineveh was an ancient Assyrian city situated on the Tigris River.

¹² sn The name Rehoboth-Ir means “and broad streets of a city,” perhaps referring to a suburb of Nineveh.

¹³ sn Calah (modern Nimrud) was located twenty miles north of Nineveh.