Genesis 1:24

1:24 God said, “Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: cattle, creeping things, and wild animals, each according to its kind.” It was so.

Genesis 7:21

7:21 And all living things that moved on the earth died, including the birds, domestic animals, wild animals, all the creatures that swarm over the earth, and all humankind.

Genesis 9:17

9:17 So God said to Noah, “This is the guarantee of the covenant that I am confirming between me and all living things that are on the earth.”

Genesis 40:1

The Cupbearer and the Baker

40:1 After these things happened, the cupbearer to the king of Egypt and the royal baker offended their master, the king of Egypt.

Genesis 42:29

42:29 They returned to their father Jacob in the land of Canaan and told him all the things that had happened to them, saying,

Genesis 44:7

44:7 They answered him, “Why does my lord say such things? Far be it from your servants to do such a thing!

Genesis 48:1

Manasseh and Ephraim

48:1 After these things Joseph was told, “Your father is weakening.” So he took his two sons Manasseh and Ephraim with him.


tn There are three groups of land animals here: the cattle or livestock (mostly domesticated), things that creep or move close to the ground (such as reptiles or rodents), and the wild animals (all animals of the field). The three terms are general classifications without specific details.

tn Heb “flesh.”

tn Heb “all flesh.”

sn The Hebrew term cupbearer corresponds to the Egyptian wb’, an official (frequently a foreigner) who often became a confidant of the king and wielded political power (see K. A. Kitchen, NBD3 248). Nehemiah held this post in Persia.

sn The baker may be the Egyptian retehti, the head of the bakers, who had privileges in the royal court.

sn The Hebrew verb translated offended here is the same one translated “sin” in 39:9. Perhaps there is an intended contrast between these officials, who deserve to be imprisoned, and Joseph, who refused to sin against God, but was thrown into prison in spite of his innocence.

tn Heb “Why does my lord speak according to these words?”

tn Heb “according to this thing.”

tn Heb “and one said.” With no expressed subject in the Hebrew text, the verb can be translated with the passive voice.