Galatians 1:1

Salutation

1:1 From Paul, ¹  an apostle (not from men, nor by human agency, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead)

Galatians 1:12

1:12 For I did not receive it or learn it from any human source; ²  instead I received it ³  by a revelation of Jesus Christ. ⁴ 

Galatians 1:16

1:16 to reveal his Son in ⁵  me so that I could preach him ⁶  among the Gentiles, I did not go to ask advice from ⁷  any human being, ⁸ 

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¹ tn Grk “Paul.” The word “from” is not in the Greek text, but has been supplied to indicate the sender of the letter.

² tn Or “I did not receive it from a human source, nor was I taught it.”

³ tn The words “I received it” are not in the Greek text but are implied.

⁴ tn It is difficult to determine what kind of genitive ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ (Ihsou Cristou) is. If it is a subjective genitive, the meaning is “a revelation from Jesus Christ” but if objective genitive, it is “a revelation about Jesus Christ.” Most likely this is objective since the explanation in vv. 15-16 mentions God revealing the Son to Paul so that he might preach, although the idea of a direct revelation to Paul at some point cannot be ruled out.

⁵ tn Or “to me”; the Greek preposition ἐν (en) can mean either, depending on the context.

⁶ tn This pronoun refers to “his Son,” mentioned earlier in the verse.

⁷ tn Or “I did not consult with.” For the translation “I did not go to ask advice from” see L&N 33.175.

⁸ tn Grk “from flesh and blood.”