23:24 “You must not bow down to their gods; you must not serve them or do according to their practices. Instead you must completely overthrow them and smash their standing stones 3 to pieces. 4
32:19 When he approached the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, Moses became extremely angry. 8 He threw the tablets from his hands and broke them to pieces at the bottom of the mountain. 9
1 tn The exact expression is “from man even to beast.” R. J. Williams lists this as an example of the inclusive use of the preposition מִן (min) to be rendered “both…and” (Hebrew Syntax, 57, §327).
2 tn Heb “all the cultivated grain of.”
3 tn The Hebrew is מַצֵּבֹתֵיהֶם (matsevotehem, “their standing stones”); these long stones were erected to represent the abode of the numen or deity. They were usually set up near the altar or the high place. To destroy these would be to destroy the centers of Canaanite worship in the land.
4 tn Both verbs are joined with their infinitive absolutes to provide the strongest sense to these instructions. The images of the false gods in Canaan were to be completely and utterly destroyed. This could not be said any more strongly.
5 tn Here “the other” has been supplied.
6 tn Here “them” has been supplied.
7 tn Here “more” has been supplied.
8 tn Heb “and the anger of Moses burned hot.”
9 sn See N. M. Waldham, “The Breaking of the Tablets,” Judaism 27 (1978): 442-47.
10 tn Here “other” has been supplied.
11 tn Here “more” has been supplied.