Exodus 8:11

8:11 The frogs will depart from you, your houses, your servants, and your people; they will be left only in the Nile.”

Exodus 8:31

8:31 and the Lord did as Moses asked ¹  – he removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people. Not one remained!

Exodus 9:21

9:21 but those ²  who did not take ³  the word of the Lord seriously left their servants and their cattle ⁴  in the field.

Exodus 9:34

9:34 When Pharaoh saw ⁵  that the rain and hail and thunder ceased, he sinned again: ⁶  both he and his servants hardened ⁷  their hearts.

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¹ tn Heb “according to the word of Moses” (so KJV, ASV).

² tn The Hebrew text again has the singular.

³ tn Heb “put to his heart.”

⁴ tn Heb “his servants and his cattle.”

⁵ tn The clause beginning with the preterite and vav (ו) consecutive is here subordinated to the next, and main clause – that he hardened his heart again.

⁶ tn The construction is another verbal hendiadys: וַיֹּסֶף לַחֲטֹּא (vayyosef lakhatto’), literally rendered “and he added to sin.” The infinitive construct becomes the main verb, and the Hiphil preterite becomes adverbial. The text is clearly interpreting as sin the hardening of Pharaoh’s heart and his refusal to release Israel. At the least this means that the plagues are his fault, but the expression probably means more than this – he was disobeying Yahweh God.

⁷ tn This phrase translates the Hebrew word כָּבֵד (kaved); see S. R. Driver, Exodus, 53.