18:5 Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, together with Moses’ 1 sons and his wife, came to Moses in the desert where he was camping by 2 the mountain of God. 3
1 tn Heb “his”; the referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2 tn This is an adverbial accusative that defines the place (see GKC 373-74 §118.g).
3 sn The mountain of God is Horeb, and so the desert here must be the Sinai desert by it. But chap. 19 suggests that they left Rephidim to go the 24 miles to Sinai. It may be that this chapter fits in chronologically after the move to Sinai, but was placed here thematically. W. C. Kaiser defends the present location of the story by responding to other reasons for the change given by Lightfoot, but does not deal with the travel locations (W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:411).
4 tn The verb is an imperfect. The people are not being presumptuous in stating their compliance – there are several options open for the interpretation of this tense. It may be classified as having a desiderative nuance: “we are willing to do” or, “we will do.”
5 tn Heb “one”; KJV “it shall be one tabernacle”; NRSV “that the tabernacle may be one whole”; NLT “a single unit.”
6 tn Heb “one”
7 tn Heb “they will be for the two corners.” This is the last clause of the verse, moved forward for clarity.
8 tn Heb “one.”
9 tn This is the last phrase of the verse, moved forward for clarity.
10 tn This difficult verse uses the perfect tense at the beginning, and the second clause parallels it with יִהְיוּ (yihyu), which has to be taken here as a preterite without the consecutive vav (ו). The predicate “finished” or “completed” is the word תָּמִּים (tammim); it normally means “complete, sound, whole,” and related words describe the sacrifices as without blemish.