Exodus 16:23

16:23 He said to them, “This is what the Lord has said: ‘Tomorrow is a time of cessation from work, a holy Sabbath to the Lord. Whatever you want to bake, bake today; whatever you want to boil, boil today; whatever is left put aside for yourselves to be kept until morning.’”

Exodus 21:19

21:19 and then if he gets up and walks about outside on his staff, then the one who struck him is innocent, except he must pay for the injured person’s loss of time and see to it that he is fully healed.

Exodus 34:18

34:18 “You must keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For seven days 10  you must eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you; do this 11  at the appointed time of the month Abib, for in the month Abib you came out of Egypt.


tn The noun שַׁבָּתוֹן (shabbaton) has the abstract ending on it: “resting, ceasing.” The root word means “cease” from something, more than “to rest.” The Law would make it clear that they were to cease from their normal occupations and do no common work.

tn The technical expression is now used: שַׁבַּת־קֹדֶשׁ (shabbat-qodesh, “a holy Sabbath”) meaning a “cessation of/for holiness” for Yahweh. The rest was to be characterized by holiness.

tn The two verbs in these objective noun clauses are desiderative imperfects – “bake whatever you want to bake.”

tn The word “today” is implied from the context.

tn “and then” has been supplied.

tn The verb is a Hitpael perfect with vav (ו) consecutive; it follows the sequence of the imperfect before it – “if he gets up and walks about.” This is proof of recovery.

tn The imperfect tense carries a nuance of obligatory imperfect because this is binding on the one who hit him.

tn Heb “his”; the referent (the injured person) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

tn The word appears to be the infinitive from the verb “to sit” with a meaning of “his sitting down”; some suggest it is from the verb “to rest” with a meaning “cease.” In either case the point in the context must mean compensation is due for the time he was down.

10 tn This is an adverbial accusative of time.

11 tn The words “do this” have been supplied.