1:9 What exists now 1 is what will be, 2
and what has been done is what will be done;
there is nothing truly new on earth. 3
1:12 I, the Teacher, have been king over Israel in Jerusalem. 4
1 tn Heb “what is.” The Hebrew verbal form is a perfect. Another option is to translate, “What has been.” See the next line, which speaks of the past and the future.
2 tn The Hebrew verbal form is an imperfect.
3 tn Heb “under the sun.”
4 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.