The Lord came from Sinai
and revealed himself 11 to Israel 12 from Seir.
He appeared in splendor 13 from Mount Paran,
and came forth with ten thousand holy ones. 14
With his right hand he gave a fiery law 15 to them.
1 tn Heb “will bless the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV).
2 tn Heb “or dreamer of dreams.” See note on this expression in v. 1.
3 tn Heb “your midst” (so NAB, NRSV). The severity of the judgment here (i.e., capital punishment) is because of the severity of the sin, namely, high treason against the Great King. Idolatry is a violation of the first two commandments (Deut 5:6-10) as well as the spirit and intent of the Shema (Deut 6:4-5).
4 tn Heb “his neighbor” (so NAB, NIV); NASB “his friend.”
5 tn Heb “and he raises his hand with the iron.”
6 tn Heb “the iron slips off.”
7 tn Heb “finds.”
8 tn Heb “his neighbor.”
9 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the person responsible for his friend’s death) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
10 tn Heb “and live.”
11 tn Or “rose like the sun” (NCV, TEV).
12 tc Heb “to him.” The LXX reads “to us” (לָנוּ [lanu] for לָמוֹ [lamo]), the reading of the MT is acceptable since it no doubt has in mind Israel as a collective singular.
tn Heb “him”; the referent (Israel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
13 tn Or “he shone forth” (NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).
14 tc With slight alteration (מִמְרִבַת קָדֵשׁ [mimrivat qadesh] for the MT’s מֵרִבְבֹת קֹדֶשׁ [merivvot qodesh]) the translation would be “from Meribah Kadesh” (cf. NAB, NLT; see Deut 32:51). However, the language of holy war in the immediate context favors the reading of the MT, which views the Lord as accompanied by angelic hosts.
15 tc The mispointed Hebrew term אֵשְׁדָּת (’eshdat) should perhaps be construed as אֵשְׁהַת (’eshhat) with Smr.