7:1 When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are going to occupy and forces out many nations before you – Hittites, 2 Girgashites, 3 Amorites, 4 Canaanites, 5 Perizzites, 6 Hivites, 7 and Jebusites, 8 seven 9 nations more numerous and powerful than you –
12:15 On the other hand, you may slaughter and eat meat as you please when the Lord your God blesses you 10 in all your villages. 11 Both the ritually pure and impure may eat it, whether it is a gazelle or an ibex.
17:8 If a matter is too difficult for you to judge – bloodshed, 16 legal claim, 17 or assault 18 – matters of controversy in your villages 19 – you must leave there and go up to the place the Lord your God chooses. 20
20:1 When you go to war against your enemies and see chariotry 24 and troops 25 who outnumber you, do not be afraid of them, for the Lord your God, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, is with you.
1 tn Heb “commanding” (so NRSV).
2 sn Hittites. The center of Hittite power was in Anatolia (central modern Turkey). In the Late Bronze Age (1550-1200
3 sn Girgashites. These cannot be ethnically identified and are unknown outside the OT. They usually appear in such lists only when the intention is to have seven groups in all (see also the note on the word “seven” later in this verse).
4 sn Amorites. Originally from the upper Euphrates region (Amurru), the Amorites appear to have migrated into Canaan beginning in 2200
5 sn Canaanites. These were the indigenous peoples of the land, going back to the beginning of recorded history (ca. 3000
6 sn Perizzites. This is probably a subgroup of Canaanites (Gen 13:7; 34:30).
7 sn Hivites. These are usually thought to be the same as the Hurrians, a people well-known in ancient Near Eastern texts. They are likely identical to the Horites (see note on the term “Horites” in Deut 2:12).
8 sn Jebusites. These inhabited the hill country, particularly in and about Jerusalem (cf. Num 13:29; Josh 15:8; 2 Sam 5:6; 24:16).
9 sn Seven. This is an ideal number in the OT, one symbolizing fullness or completeness. Therefore, the intent of the text here is not to be precise and list all of Israel’s enemies but simply to state that Israel will have a full complement of foes to deal with. For other lists of Canaanites, some with fewer than seven peoples, see Exod 3:8; 13:5; 23:23, 28; 33:2; 34:11; Deut 20:17; Josh 3:10; 9:1; 24:11. Moreover, the “Table of Nations” (Gen 10:15-19) suggests that all of these (possibly excepting the Perizzites) were offspring of Canaan and therefore Canaanites.
10 tn Heb “only in all the desire of your soul you may sacrifice and eat flesh according to the blessing of the Lord your God which he has given to you.”
11 tn Heb “gates” (so KJV, NASB; likewise in vv. 17, 18).
12 tn Heb “the
13 tn Heb “the
14 tn Heb “gates” (so KJV, NASB); NAB “in your own community.”
15 tn The Hebrew term מִשְׁנֶה (mishneh, “twice”) could mean “equivalent to” (cf. NRSV) or, more likely, “double” (cf. NAB, NIV, NLT). The idea is that a hired worker would put in only so many hours per day whereas a bondslave was available around the clock.
16 tn Heb “between blood and blood.”
17 tn Heb “between claim and claim.”
18 tn Heb “between blow and blow.”
19 tn Heb “gates.”
20 tc Several Greek recensions add “to place his name there,” thus completing the usual formula to describe the central sanctuary (cf. Deut 12:5, 11, 14, 18; 16:6). However, the context suggests that the local Levitical towns, and not the central sanctuary, are in mind.
21 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, indicated in the translation by the words “without fail.”
22 tn Heb “your brothers,” but not referring to siblings (cf. NIV “your brother Israelites”; NLT “a fellow Israelite”). The same phrase also occurs in v. 20.
23 tn Heb “your brothers.” See the preceding note on “fellow citizens.”
24 tn Heb “horse and chariot.”
25 tn Heb “people.”
26 tn Heb “in the field.”
27 tn Heb “of your hands.” This law was later applied in the story of Ruth who, as a poor widow, was allowed by generous Boaz to glean in his fields (Ruth 2:1-13).
28 tn Heb “the sacred thing.” The term הַקֹּדֶשׁ (haqqodesh) likely refers to an offering normally set apart for the
29 tn Heb “according to all your commandment that you commanded me.” This has been simplified in the translation for stylistic reasons.
30 tn Heb “gates,” also in vv. 55, 57.