Deuteronomy 32:4

32:4 As for the Rock, his work is perfect,

for all his ways are just.

He is a reliable God who is never unjust,

he is fair and upright.

Deuteronomy 32:30-31

32:30 How can one man chase a thousand of them,

and two pursue ten thousand;

unless their Rock had delivered them up,

and the Lord had handed them over?

32:31 For our enemies’ rock is not like our Rock,

as even our enemies concede.


tc The LXX reads Θεός (qeos, “God”) for the MT’s “Rock.”

sn The Hebrew term depicts God as a rocky summit where one may find safety and protection. Within a covenantal context it serves as a reminder to the people that their God has committed himself to their protection in return for their allegiance.

tn Or “just” (KJV, NAB, NRSV, NLT) or “righteous” (NASB).

tn The words “man” and “of them” are not in the Hebrew text, but are supplied in the translation for clarity.

tn Heb “sold them” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).

tn Heb “their,” but the referent (enemies) is specified in the translation for the sake of clarity.